Title:Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities
of Essential Oils from Two Ocimum Species
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Author(s): Md. Rokonuzzaman, Atiqur Rahman*, Abu Reza, Nilufar Yasmin Liza, Sezer Okay, Mohammad Abu Hena Mostofa Jamal*Ibrahim Demirtas*
Affiliation:
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University,
Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic
University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
Keywords:
Ocimum sanctum L, Ocimum gratissimum L, essential oil, disk diffusion, antibacterial activities, GC-MS.
Abstract:
Background: The species of the genus Ocimum has been used since ancient times in
the Indian subcontinent to cure various illnesses. Essential oil from Ocimum species has antimicrobial
activity.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to extract essential oils from different parts of
two Ocimum species and test their antimicrobial activity.
Methods: Hydrodistillation was used to extract essential oils from various parts of two basil
species, GC-MS was used to identify the chemical compounds. The disk diffusion method was
used to assess their antimicrobial activity.
Results: A total of sixty-seven chemical compounds from Ocimum sanctum L. and Ocimum gratissimum
L. were identified using GC-MS. Among them, eugenol (1.00-27.66%), methyl eugenol
(0.78-28.52%), β-elemene (5.10-20.98%), caryophyllene (0.94-43.18%), caryophyllene oxide
(1.1-10.81%), palmitic acid methyl ester (3.20-21.38%), oleic acid methyl ester (2.91-40.7%) and
linoleic acid methyl ester (1.55-74.71%) comprised the majority of the makeup of essential oils,
due to diverse plant species and body sections, the percentage differed significantly. The essential
oils contained monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aldehydes/ketonic derivatives in the flower and
leaf parts of O. sanctum and the leaf part of O. gratissimum. The essential oils of these Ocimum
species showed good antibacterial activities against the bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and
Enterococcus faecalis with inhibition zones ranging from 10-36 mm.
Conclusion: These two species of Ocimum showed significant variation in chemical composition
and antibacterial activity.
