Title:Psychosomatic Disorder: The Current Implications and Challenges
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Author(s): Abhimanyu Chauhan and Chakresh Kumar Jain*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India
Keywords:
Psychosomatic disorder, respiratory complications, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, central nervous system, immune systems, psychophysiological disorder, stress and depression.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing global concern about the rising prevalence
and rapid progression of psychosomatic disorders (PD). This surge can be attributed to irregular
biological conditions and the increasingly stressful lifestyles that individuals lead, ultimately
resulting in functional impairments of vital organs. PD arises from intricate interactions involving
the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Notably, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal
(HPA) axis plays an essential role, as its dysregulation is influenced by prolonged stress
and psychological distress. Consequently, stress hormones, including cortisol, exert detrimental
effects on immunological function, inflammation, and homeostatic equilibrium. It emerges as
physical symptoms influenced by psychological factors, such as persistent pain, gastrointestinal
disturbances, or respiratory complications, and is pertinent to highlight that excessive and chronic
stress, anxiety, or emotional distress may engender the onset or exacerbation of cardiovascular
disorders, namely hypertension and heart disease. Although several therapeutic strategies have
been proposed so far, the precise etiology of PD remains elusive due to the intricate nature of disease
progression and the underlying modalities of action. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate
the diverse classifications of psychosomatic disorders, explicate their intricate mechanisms,
and shed light on their impact on the human body, which may act as catalysts for the development
of various other diseases. Additionally, it explores the inherent medico-clinical challenges posed by
PD and also explores the cutting-edge technologies, tools, and data analytics pipelines that are being
applied in the contemporary era to effectively analyze psychosomatic data.