Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4129
ISSN (Online): 1875-676X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Estimation of Some Sartans and their Combinations with Thiazide Diuretics: A Review

Author(s): Kajal P. Baviskar* and Ramanlal N. Kachave

Volume 19, Issue 8, 2023

Published on: 06 October, 2023

Page: [610 - 628] Pages: 19

DOI: 10.2174/0115734129255763230927115653

Price: $65

Abstract

Sartans are often used as antihypertensives. They are also available in combination with thiazide diuretics for the management of hypertension. Analytical method development is a crucial part of successful drug development and characterization. Bioanalytical studies are of paramount importance while establishing pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic data while forced degradation studies are important to elucidate degradation pathways and to establish stability of the drugs.

Different methods have been developed for the analysis of sartans and their combination with thiazide diuretics. We thought it imperative to summarize them so the data could be useful for analysis of newer sartans. The review describes various methods for analysis of some frequently employed sartans as well as the latest sartans and their combination with thiazide diuretics. The article also focuses on their analysis of biological fluids. Forced degradation studies have also been covered in the article.

Article is divided into three sections. First section covers introduction, second section focuses on different methods developed, including bioanalytical methods, while third section presents forced degradation studies carried out on the drugs. Important parameters of the analytical methods developed have been summarized in tabular form.

Keywords: Sartans, hydrochlorothiazide, plasma, spectroscopic methods, chromatographic methods, hydrolysis, thermal stress, photolysis.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Matchar, D.B.; McCrory, D.C.; Orlando, L.A.; Patel, M.R.; Patel, U.D.; Patwardhan, M.B.; Powers, B.; Samsa, G.P.; Gray, R.N. Systematic review: Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for treating essential hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med., 2008, 148(1), 16-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-00189] [PMID: 17984484]
[2]
Staessen, J.A.; Wang, J.; Bianchi, G.; Birkenhäger, W.H. Essential hypertension. Lancet, 2003, 361(9369), 1629-1641.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13302-8] [PMID: 12747893]
[3]
Kulkarni, S.; O’Farrell, I.; Erasi, M.; Kochar, M.S. Stress and hypertension. WMJ, 1998, 97(11), 34-38.
[PMID: 9894438]
[4]
Mills, K.T.; Stefanescu, A.; He, J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2020, 16(4), 223-237.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2] [PMID: 32024986]
[5]
Hodgson, T.A.; Cai, L. Medical care expenditures for hypertension, its complications, and its comorbidities. Med. Care, 2001, 39(6), 599-615.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200106000-00008] [PMID: 11404643]
[6]
Messerli, F.H.; Williams, B.; Ritz, E. Essential hypertension. Lancet, 2007, 370(9587), 591-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61299-9] [PMID: 17707755]
[7]
Salvetti, A.; Ghiadoni, L. Thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension: An update. . J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, 2006, 17((4_suppl_2)(Suppl. 2)), s25-s29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2005121329] [PMID: 16565243]
[8]
Duarte, J.D.; Cooper-DeHoff, R.M. Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2010, 8(6), 793-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erc.10.27] [PMID: 20528637]
[9]
Barreras, A.; Gurk-Turner, C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Proc. Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent., 2003, 16(1), 123-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2003.11927893] [PMID: 16278727]
[10]
Ladhari, A.; La Mura, G.; Di Marino, C.; Di Fabio, G.; Zarrelli, A. Sartans: What they are for, how they degrade, where they are found and how they transform. Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 2021, 20, 100409.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100409]
[11]
Sharma, A.M.; Janke, J.; Gorzelniak, K.; Engeli, S.; Luft, F.C. Angiotensin blockade prevents type 2 diabetes by formation of fat cells. Hypertension, 2002, 40(5), 609-611.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000036448.44066.53] [PMID: 12411451]
[12]
Muszalska, I.; Sobczak, A.; Dołhań, A.; Jelińska, A. Analysis of sartans: A review. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 103(1), 2-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.23760] [PMID: 24227012]
[13]
Leonova, M.V. Sartans in hypertension treatment: Advantages of candesartan use. Consilium Medicum, 2019, 21(1), 25-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2019.1.190280]
[14]
Yamagishi, S.; Takeuchi, M. Telmisartan is a promising cardiometabolic sartan due to its unique PPAR-γ-inducing property. Med. Hypotheses, 2005, 64(3), 476-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.015] [PMID: 15617852]
[15]
Smith, D.K.; Lennon, R.P.; Carlsgaard, P.B. Managing hypertension using combination therapy. Am. Fam. Physician, 2020, 101(6), 341-349.
[PMID: 32163253]
[16]
Kalra, S.; Kalra, B.; Agrawal, N. Combination therapy in hypertension: An update. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr., 2010, 2(1), 44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-2-44] [PMID: 20576135]
[17]
Gradman, A.H.; Basile, J.N.; Carter, B.L.; Bakris, G.L. Combination therapy in hypertension. J. Clin. Hypertens., 2011, 13(3), 146-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00397.x] [PMID: 21366845]
[18]
Bharti Mittu, A.C.; Chauhan, P. Analytical method development and validation: A concise review. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech., 2015, 6(1), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000233]
[19]
ICH. ICH Q1A (R2) stability testing of new drug substances and drug products - Scientific guideline . 2003. 4(Feburary), 24
[20]
Breaux, J.; Jones, K.; Boulas, P. Analytical methods development and validation. Pharm. Technol., 2003, 1, 6-13.
[21]
Pandey, S.; Pandey, P.; Tiwari, G.; Tiwari, R. Bioanalysis in drug discovery and development. Pharm. Methods, 2010, 1(1), 14-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-4708.72223] [PMID: 23781412]
[22]
Nováková, L.; Vlčková, H. A review of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: chromatography and sample preparation. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, 656(1-2), 8-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.004] [PMID: 19932811]
[23]
Tiwari, G.; Tiwari, R. Bioanalytical method validation: An updated review. Pharm. Methods, 2010, 1(1), 25-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-4708.72226] [PMID: 23781413]
[24]
Moein, M.M.; El Beqqali, A.; Abdel-Rehim, M. Bioanalytical method development and validation: critical concepts and strategies. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2017, 1043, 3-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.028] [PMID: 27720355]
[25]
Kole, P.L.; Venkatesh, G.; Kotecha, J.; Sheshala, R. Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods. Biomed. Chromatogr., 2011, 25(1-2), 199-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1560] [PMID: 21154887]
[26]
Schuhmacher, J.; Zimmer, D.; Tesche, F.; Pickard, V. Matrix effects during analysis of plasma samples by electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: Practical approaches to their elimination. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 17(17), 1950-1957.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1139] [PMID: 12913858]
[27]
Ashri, N.Y.; Abdel-Rehim, M. Sample treatment based on extraction techniques in biological matrices. Bioanalysis, 2011, 3(17), 2003-2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.201] [PMID: 21899508]
[28]
Poole, C.F. New trends in solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt. Chem., 2003, 22(6), 362-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(03)00605-8]
[29]
Musteata, F.M.; Pawliszyn, J. Bioanalytical applications of solid-phase microextraction. Trends Analyt. Chem., 2007, 26(1), 36-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2006.11.003]
[30]
Shen, J.; Tama, C.; Hayes, R. Evaluation of automated micro solid phase extraction tips (μ-SPE) for the validation of a LC–MS/MS bioanalytical method. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2006, 843(2), 275-282.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.039] [PMID: 16872919]
[31]
Blessy, M.; Patel, R.D.; Prajapati, P.N.; Agrawal, Y.K. Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs—A review. J. Pharm. Anal., 2014, 4(3), 159-165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.003] [PMID: 29403878]
[32]
Tamizi, E.; Jouyban, A. Forced degradation studies of biopharmaceuticals: Selection of stress conditions. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2016, 98, 26-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.10.016] [PMID: 26542454]
[33]
Iram, F.; Iram, H.; Iqbal, A.; Husain, A. Forced degradation studies. J. Anal. Pharm. Res., 2016, 3(6), 73.
[34]
Ngwa, G. Forced degradation as an integral part of HPLC stability-indicating method development. Drug Deliv Technol., 2010, 10(5), 56-59.
[35]
Singh, S.; Junwal, M.; Modhe, G.; Tiwari, H.; Kurmi, M.; Parashar, N.; Sidduri, P. Forced degradation studies to assess the stability of drugs and products. Trends Analyt. Chem., 2013, 49, 71-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.006]
[36]
Jain, D.; Basniwal, P.K. Forced degradation and impurity profiling: Recent trends in analytical perspectives. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2013, 86, 11-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.013] [PMID: 23969330]
[37]
Maggio, R.M.; Castellano, P.M.; Kaufman, T.S. A multivariate approach for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in a combined pharmaceutical tablet formulation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008, 391(8), 2949-2955.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2180-z] [PMID: 18528688]
[38]
Picollo, M.; Aceto, M.; Vitorino, T. UV-Vis spectroscopy. Phys Sci Rev., 2018, 4(4), 20180008.
[39]
Redasani, V.K.; Patel, P.R.; Marathe, D.Y.; Chaudhari, S.R.; Shirkhedkar, A.A.; Surana, S.J. A review on derivative uv-spectrophotometry analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples review. J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 2018, 63(3), 4126-4134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072018000304126]
[40]
Talsky, G.; Mayring, L.; Kreuzer, H. High‐resolution, higher‐order UV/VIS derivative spectrophotometry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1978, 17(11), 785-799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197807853]
[41]
O’Haver, T.C.; Fell, A.F.; Smith, G.; Gans, P.; Sneddon, J.; Bezur, L. Derivative spectroscopy and its applications in analysis; Royal Society of Chemistry, 1982, pp. 22-46.
[42]
Tatar, S.; Sağlık, S. Comparison of UV- and second derivative-spectrophotometric and LC methods for the determination of valsartan in pharmaceutical formulation. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002, 30(2), 371-375.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00360-6] [PMID: 12191724]
[43]
Sivasankara Rao, G.; Venkat Rao, S.; Vardhan, S.V.M.; Ramachandran, D. Development and validation of new UV-spectrophotometric assay method for valsartan in pure and in formulations. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2013, 5(7), 229-232.
[44]
Gupta, K.; Wadodkar, A.; Wadodkar, S. UV-Spectrophotometric methods for estimation of Valsartan in bulk and tablet dosage form. Int. J. Chemtech Res., 2010, 2.
[45]
Şatana, E.; Altınay, Ş.; Göğer, N.G.; Özkan, S.A.; Şentürk, Z. Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and LC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2001, 25(5-6), 1009-1013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00394-6] [PMID: 11377086]
[46]
Erk, N. Spectrophotometric analysis of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. Anal. Lett., 2002, 35(2), 283-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/AL-120002530]
[47]
Lastra, O.C.; Lemus, I.G.; Sánchez, H.J.; Pérez, R.F. Development and validation of an UV derivative spectrophotometric determination of Losartan potassium in tablets. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2003, 33(2), 175-180.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00347-9] [PMID: 12972082]
[48]
Surwade, K.; Saudagar, R. UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of azilsartanmedoxomil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. World J. Pharm. Res., 2015, 4(1), 1667-1672.
[49]
Gawai, M.N.; Surwade, K.S.; Phadatare, D.G. UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of azilsartan medoxomil in bulk form. Asian J. Res. Chem, 2018, 11(5), 791-793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2018.00139.6]
[50]
Agrawal, K.S.; Gandhi, L.R. Bhajipale3 NSBS. UV spectrophotometric method development and validation of fimasartan drug and its tablet formulation. Asian J Pharm Res Dev, 1970, 7(5), 25-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i5.576]
[51]
El-Shaboury, S.R.; Hussein, S.A.; Mohamed, N.A.; El-Sutohy, M.M. Spectrofluorimetric method for determination of some angiotensin II receptor antagonists. J. Pharm. Anal., 2012, 2(1), 12-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2011.10.005] [PMID: 29403715]
[52]
Taher, M.A.; Asadollahzadeh, H.; Fazelirad, H. A simple spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of losartan in some tablet dosage forms. J. Appl. Spectrosc., 2015, 82(5), 842-844.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-015-0190-0]
[53]
Cagigal, E.; González, L.; Alonso, R.M.; Jiménez, R.M. Experimental design methodologies to optimise the spectrofluorimetric determination of Losartan and Valsartan in human urine. Talanta, 2001, 54(6), 1121-1133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00379-4] [PMID: 18968334]
[54]
Demirkaya-Miloglu, F.; Yaman, M.E.; Kadioglu, Y. A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of losartan potassium in rabbit plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Luminescence, 2015, 30(1), 53-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.2689] [PMID: 24890844]
[55]
Shockcor, J.P. HPLC–NMR, Pharmaceutical Applications.Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry; Elsevier; , 2017, pp. 141-151. Internet
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803224-4.00377-0]
[56]
Ali, AH High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): A review. Ann Adv Chem, 2022, 6, 010-20.
[57]
Zareh, M.M.; Saad, M.Z.; Hassan, W.S.; Elhennawy, M.E.; Soltan, M.K.; Sebaiy, M.M. Gradient HPLC method for simultaneous determination of eight sartan and statin drugs in their pureand dosage forms. Pharmaceuticals., 2020, 13(2), 32.
[PMID: 32093384]
[58]
Swartz, M. HPLC detectors: A brief review. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 2010, 33(9-12), 1130-1150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2010.484356]
[59]
Ravisankar, P.; Devi, M.S.; Ravali, B.; Tejaswini, K.; Balaji, D.; Babu, P. Rapid simultaneous separation of four sartans by isocratic RP-HPLC method: Application to determination of olmisartan in pharmaceutical dosage form. J Chem Pharm Sci., 2015, 8(1), 61.
[60]
Koseki, N.; Kawashita, H.; Hara, H.; Niina, M.; Tanaka, M.; Kawai, R.; Nagae, Y.; Masuda, N. Development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of valsartan in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2007, 43(5), 1769-1774.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.030] [PMID: 17289324]
[61]
Macek, J.; Klíma, J.; Ptáček, P. Rapid determination of valsartan in human plasma by protein precipitation and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2006, 832(1), 169-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.035] [PMID: 16426905]
[62]
Carlucci, G.; Carlo, V.D.; Mazzeo, P. Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Lett., 2000, 33(12), 2491-2500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710008543204]
[63]
Mo, F.K.; Tian, D.F.; Tian, X.L.; Tian, T.; Wang, Z.Y. Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by RP-HPLC. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2008, 70(3), 372-374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.43006] [PMID: 20046750]
[64]
Li, H.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Tang, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhao, L.; Gu, J. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2007, 852(1-2), 436-442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.014] [PMID: 17331816]
[65]
Pawar, H.A.; Lalitha, K.G. Development and validation of a novel RP-HPLC method for estimation of losartan potassium in dissolution samples of immediate and sustained release tablets. Chromatogr. Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/736761]
[66]
Suhagia, B.N.; Shah, R.R.; Patel, D.M. Development of a RP-HPLC method for evaluating losartan potassium and hydrochlorthiazide tablets. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2005, 67, 37-42.
[67]
Obando, M.A.; Estela, J.M.; Cerdà, V. Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablets by high-performance low-pressure chromatography using a multi-syringe burette coupled to a monolithic column. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008, 391(6), 2349-2356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2172-z] [PMID: 18500512]
[68]
Hossen, M.A.; Haque, M.A.; Dewan, I.; Kabir, A.N.M.H.; Hossain, M.K.; Islam, S.M.A. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan potassium in tablet dosage form. Dhaka Univ. J.Pharm. Sci,, 2012, 10(1), 35-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10013]
[69]
Kolocouri, F.; Dotsikas, Y.; Apostolou, C.; Kousoulos, C.; Loukas, Y.L. Simultaneous determination of losartan, EXP-3174 and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma via fully automated 96-well-format-based solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 387(2), 593-601.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0990-4] [PMID: 17119933]
[70]
Vekariya, P.P.; Joshi, H.S. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for azilsartan medoxomil potassium quantitation in human plasma by solid phase extraction procedure. ISRN Spectroscopy, 2013, 2013, 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/572170]
[71]
Kuze, Y.; Kogame, A.; Jinno, F.; Kondo, T.; Asahi, S. Development, validation and application of the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of azilsartan medoxomil (TAK-491), azilsartan (TAK-536), and its 2 metabolites in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2015, 1001, 174-181.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.047] [PMID: 26279009]
[72]
Kasimala, M.B.; Kasimala, B.B. Reverse phase-HPLC method development and validation for the Simultaneous estimation of azilsartanmedoxomil and Chlortalidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms. J At Mol., 2012, 2(1), 117.
[73]
Sravani, P.; Rubesh Kumar, S.; Duganath, N.; Devanna, N. Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of azilsartan and chlorthalidone by RP-HPLC in pharmaceutical dosage form. Int. J. Pharma Sci., 2014, 4(5), 725-729.
[74]
Dighe, N.S.; Thorat, S.K.; Shinde, G.S.; Dhamak, K.V. Quantitative estimation and validation of chlorthlidone and azilsartanmedoximil in bulk and tablet dosage form by using RP-HPLC. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2019, 9(4-s), 264-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3315]
[75]
Kumar, T.H.; Begum, A.; Sankar, D.G. Determination of azilsartanmedoximil and chlorthalidone in tablets exposed to forced degradation by using RP-HPLC. Biomed. Res. (Aligarh), 2019, 30(5), 10-35841.
[76]
Nalawade, V.; Joshi, S. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of azilsartanmedoxomil and chlorthalidone from the human plasma. J Pharm Sci Res., 2019, 11(7), 2533-2537.
[77]
Ramakrishna, R.; Puttrevu, S.; Bhateria, M.; Bala, V.; Sharma, V.L.; Bhatta, R.S. Simultaneous determination of azilsartan and chlorthalidone in rat and human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2015, 990, 185-197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.018] [PMID: 25899870]
[78]
Hyun, J.Y.; Kim, H.J.; Gwon, M.R.; Lee, H.W.; Seong, S.J.; Yoon, Y.R. Fully validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of fimasartan in human plasma. Anal. Sci., 2015, 31(12), 1335-1339.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.1335] [PMID: 26656827]
[79]
Shin, B.S.; Kim, T.H.; Paik, S.H.; Chi, Y.H.; Lee, J.H.; Tan, H.K.; Choi, Y.; Kim, M.; Yoo, S.D. Simultaneous determination of fimasartan, a novel antihypertensive agent, and its active metabolite in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed. Chromatogr., 2011, 25(11), 1208-1214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1592] [PMID: 21268050]
[80]
Swartz, M.E. Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies UPLC: An introduction and review. J Liq Cromatography Relat Technol., 2013, 2005, 37-41.
[81]
Nahar, L.; Onder, A.; Sarker, S.D. A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019). Phytochem. Anal., 2020, 31(4), 413-457.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2906] [PMID: 31849137]
[82]
Kaushik, D. A.P. UPLC method for simultaneous determination of valsartan & hydrochlorothiazide in drug products. J. Chromatogr. Sep. Tech., 2013, 4(5)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7064.1000182]
[83]
Sirisha, T.; Gurupadayya, B.; Siddiraju, S. Optimized and validated RP-UPLC method for the determination of losartan potassium and chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical formulations. Adv. Pharm. Bull., 2015, 5(1), 133-136.
[PMID: 25789231]
[84]
Ahmad, T.J.; Raj, A.; Radhika, R.T.; Ananda, S.; Gowda, N.M.; Venkatesha, B.M. Rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography assay of losartan potassium in bulk and formulations. J. Anal. Sci. Technol., 2014, 5(1), 33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40543-014-0033-2]
[85]
Alam, M.A.; Abou Obaid, N.I.; Ibrahim, M.A.; Raish, M.; Al-Jenoobi, F.I. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for fast determination of losartan in rabbit plasma. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2019, 57(4), 323-330.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmy114] [PMID: 30668856]
[86]
Shah, P.A.; Sharma, P.; Shah, J.V.; Sanyal, M.; Shrivastav, P.S. Simultaneous analysis of losartan, its active metabolite, and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma by a UPLC-MS/MS method. Turk. J. Chem., 2015, 39, 714-733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1502-4]
[87]
Gong, C.; Wang, J.; Sun, Y.; Ding, D.; Zhong, L.; Zhu, M.; Sun, J.; Zhang, X. UPLC–MS/MS for the determination of azilsartan in beagle dog plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetics study. Asian J. Pharm., 2015, 10(3), 247-253.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2014.10.004]
[88]
Wang, C.C.; Lan, T. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of azilsartan in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. Lat. Am. J. Pharm., 2019, 38(10), 1938-1944.
[89]
Shewiyo, D.H.; Kaale, E.; Risha, P.G.; Dejaegher, B.; Smeyers-Verbeke, J.; Heyden, Y.V. HPTLC methods to assay active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations: A review of the method development and validation steps. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2012, 66, 11-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.034] [PMID: 22494517]
[90]
Hussein, S.A.E.R.; El-Wadood, H.M.A.; Abdallah, M.A.E.W.; Khorshed, A.A.E.H. HPTLC with fluorescence densitometry for simultaneous determination of some angiotensin II receptor blockers in tablets and plasma. J. AOAC Int., 2015, 98(2), 354-360.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-179] [PMID: 25905741]
[91]
Dedhiya, P.P.; Patel, C.J.; Chauhan, R.S.; Kalyankar, G.G.; Vyas, R.H.; Shah, S.A. Development and validation of HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Olmesartanmedoxomil and Cilnidipine in their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm ApplSci, 2015, 2(2), 21.
[92]
Sonia, K.; Lakshmi, K. HPTLC method development and validation: An overview. J Pharm Sci Res., 2017, 9(5), 652.
[93]
Tahir, M.S.; Adnan, A.; Syed, Q. Chromatographic resolution of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (sartans). J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2016, 1027, 57-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.023] [PMID: 27258943]
[94]
Shah, N.J.; Suhagia, B.N.; Shah, R.R.; Patel, N.M. HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2009, 71(1), 72-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.51967] [PMID: 20177464]
[95]
Jadhav, M.L.; Girase, M.V.; Tidme, S.K. Development and validation of HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form. J Pharm Biosci, 2015, 3(2), 20-25.
[96]
Krishnaiah, C.; Reddy, A.R.; Kumar, R.; Mukkanti, K. Stability-indicating UPLC method for determination of valsartan and their degradation products in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical dosage forms. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2010, 53(3), 483-489.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.022] [PMID: 20646890]
[97]
Qiu, S.; Liu, K.; Ma, P.; Wang, M.; Chen, H.; Xu, X.; Hao, X.; Wang, Y. Simultaneous analysis of losartan potassium and its related impurities and degradation products in tablets using HPLC. Curr. Pharm. Anal., 2014, 11(1), 25-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412910999141010152758]
[98]
Lusina, M.; Cindrić, T.; Tomaić, J.; Peko, M.; Pozaić, L.; Musulin, N. Stability study of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets. Int. J. Pharm., 2005, 291(1-2), 127-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.07.050] [PMID: 15707739]
[99]
Hertzog, D.L.; McCafferty, J.F.; Fang, X.; Tyrrell, R.J.; Reed, R.A. Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Losartan potassium, hydrochlorothiazide, and their degradation products. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002, 30(3), 747-760.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00385-0] [PMID: 12367701]
[100]
Kaushik, D.; Kaur, J.; Paul Kaur, V.; Saini, B.; Bansal, Y.; Bansal, G. Forced degradation, LC–UV, MSn and LC–MS–TOF studies on azilsartan: Identification of a known and three new degradation impurities. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2016, 120, 202-211.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.027] [PMID: 26752083]
[101]
Kher, M.; Bhatt, V.; Jani, A.; Sheth, N. Development and validation of stability indicating chromatographic methods for determination of azilsartan medoxomil in pharmaceutical formation. Anal. Chem. Lett., 2020, 10(3), 387-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2020.1784788]
[102]
Swain, D.; Patel, P.N.; Palaniappan, I.; Sahu, G.; Samanthula, G. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry study of forced degradation of azilsartan medoxomil potassium. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2015, 29(15), 1437-1447.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7235] [PMID: 26147484]
[103]
Ebeid, W.M.; Elkady, E.F.; El-Zaher, A.A.; El-Bagary, R.I.; Patonay, G. Stability-indicating RP-LC method for determination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms: Application to degradation kinetics. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2014, 406(26), 6701-6712.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8085-0] [PMID: 25190009]
[104]
Naazneen, S.; Sridevi, A. Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of azilsartanmedoxomil and chlorthalidone in solid dosage forms. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 6(6), 236-243.
[105]
Singh, S.; Patel, K.; Agrawal, V.K.; Chaturvedi, S. Stability indicating hptlc method for simultaneous determination of Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide In tablets. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 4(Suppl. 4), 468-471.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
23
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy