Title:Sustainable Synthesis of Phenazines: A Review of Green Approaches
Volume: 27
Issue: 13
Author(s): Drashti Shah, Tushar Bambharoliya, Dharti Patel, Krina Patel, Niyati Patel, Afzal Nagani, Vashisth Bhavsar, Anjali Mahavar and Ashish Patel*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology,
CHARUSAT, Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
Keywords:
Phenazine, heterocyclic scaffold, green synthesis, ubiquitous fragment, sustainable chemistry, active chemicals.
Abstract: Owing to its momentous significance in the development of new medications,
phenazine, and its analogues are successful heterocyclic scaffolds as well as essential building
blocks for developing physiologically active chemicals. Traditionally, phenazine and its
derivatives have been synthesized using chemical methods that involve toxic organic solvents,
dangerous reagents, and the risk of hazardous metal contamination in the final products.
These drawbacks have significantly limited the widespread application of phenazine
derivatives in therapeutic treatments and the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, there is
a growing demand for environmentally friendly methods that can address these challenges
with less environmental damage. As a result, it is now possible to employ green and highly
efficient methods for the synthesis of phenazine and its derivatives. These methods include mechanosynthesis,
solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis, green solvent-based synthesis, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, microwave-
assisted synthesis, and other similar approaches. In light of the fact that the phenazine backbone is a widely
present biologically active component and the growing need to decrease the use of hazardous solvents, catalysts,
and energy, this review has provided a summary of various sustainable and facile synthetic strategies of
phenazine derivatives.