Title:Titanium Complexes: Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects on HeLa, C6,
and CHO Cell Lines
Volume: 3
Author(s): Nitesh Kumar*, Raj Kaushal, Ashun Chaudhary, Saroj Arora and Pamita Awasthi
Affiliation:
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Jhandutta, District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh 174031, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India
Keywords:
Titanium, 2, 2'-bipyridine, MTT assay, cytotoxic, antiproliferative activity, cell cycle analysis.
Abstract:
The antiproliferative studies of Titanium(II) complexes of composition TiCl2 (L)2 [L =
2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpMe), 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine
(bpoMe), 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dpMe), adamantylamine (ada)] were done against three
different HeLa (cervical), C6 (glioma) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovarian) cell lines. It has been
observed that the complex with 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dpme) ligand was more potent
against HeLa cell lines with an IC50 value of 9.10 μM but less effective than the known anticancer
drug Camptothecin (IC50 = 6.2 μM). Furthermore, cell cycle analysis was accomplished on CHO
cell lines to discover the cell death mechanism. It has been observed that all complexes induce cell
death through an increase in hypo-diploid cells (Sub-G1 population), which indicates apoptosis in a
dose-dependent manner.
Objectives: Cytotoxic studies of synthesized titanium complexes on three different cell lines; MTT
assay; cell cycle analysis.
Methods: MTT assay: The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized complexes against the HeLa, C6,
and CHO cell lines was determined using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-
diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. This assay was carried out in triplicate on 96 plates,
with a well-defined procedure and minor modifications.
Result: Cell cycle analysis: Cells were plated at 1×106 cells/dish in 24-well plates and then grown
either in the presence or absence of the complex at three different concentrations, i.e. below and
above IC50 and at IC50 values. After 24 h of treatment, the cells were harvested from the dishes by
collecting trypsinized cells together with floating cells in the medium.
Conclusion: In the present paper, we have reported the cytotoxic studies of previously reported
titanium complexes against HeLa, C6, and CHO cell lines. The results have shown that titanium
complex (D1) having 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligand was more effective against the HeLa cell
line. The morphological changes in CHO cells indicate characteristic features similar to apoptosis,
and cell cycle analysis indicates an increase in hypo-diploid cells.
