Title:Cell Physiological Behavior in the Context of Local Hypothermia
Volume: 5
Author(s): Basheer Abdullah Marzoog*
Affiliation:
- National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street 68, Saransk, Rep. Mordovia 430005, Mordovia Republic, Saransk,
Bolshevitskaya Street 31, Russia
Keywords:
Hypothermia, Neuron, Endothelial cell, Myocardiocyte, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Angiogenesis, Regeneration, Endothelial dysfunction.
Abstract: Local hypothermia has protective effects on injured endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and neurocytes. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanism of
local hypothermia is still unknown. The overall effect of local hypothermia involves changes in cellular and extracellular homeostasis. Reduction
in cellular metabolism is the hallmark effect of local hypothermia, resulting in a reduction in energy expenditure already impaired by starvation
conditions, such as ischemia. However, on a molecular basis, local hypothermia modifies cell physiology according to the type and the vitality of
the cells (brain cells are more important than skin cells; therefore, local hypothermia of the brain tissue is more critical than skin tissue, and the
overall reaction of the organism is to prevent the brain from dying). This involves activating survival mechanisms, such as autophagy of brain
tissue and apoptosis. The activated signaling pathways are not identical in various tissues. However, the whole machinery signaling axes have not
yet been elucidated. Local hypothermia promotes the healing of the injury and improves the proliferation of regenerative tissue, but not
differentiation. Hypothermia prevents the transdifferentiation of endothelial cells, neurons, and myocardiocytes. Finally, the therapeutic effects of
hypothermia involve activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).
