Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

Research Article

Live Births in Women over 40 Years of Age Correlate with Obesity Rates

Author(s): Jie Lin*, Qian Xie*, Chaoran Xu and Qin Wan

Volume 24, Issue 2, 2024

Published on: 24 August, 2023

Page: [255 - 264] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230606120744

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Aims: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the relationship between live birth and the prevalence of obesity in Chinese women over 40 years of age.

Methods: From April to November 2011, the Endocrinology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association conducted the REACTION project, a national, multicenter, cross-sectional study of Chinese adults aged 40 years and older. Demographic and medical data were collected through validated questionnaires and equipment. Anthropometric indicators, blood pressure, and biochemical data were measured by professional medical personnel. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic analysis. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze obesity-related risk factors.

Results: The prevalence of obesity among women increased gradually from 3.8% to 6.0% with an increasing number of live births. Women with two live births had the highest prevalence of overweight at 34.3%. Overall, the obesity and overweight rates were slightly higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Univariate regression analysis showed that the risk of obesity in women increased with an increasing number of live births. In addition, multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk of obesity increased with an increasing number of live births in women with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 121 mmHg or current smoking (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The risk of obesity increases with the number of live births in Chinese women over 40 years of age with SBP < 121 mmHg or current smoking. Our findings may facilitate the development of interventions to prevent obesity in this population.

Keywords: Parity, obesity, overweight, pregnancy, menopause, risk factor.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Wang, Y.; Zhao, L.; Gao, L.; Pan, A.; Xue, H. Health policy and public health implications of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2021, 9(7), 446-461.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00118-2] [PMID: 34097869]
[2]
Ng, M.; Fleming, T.; Robinson, M.; Thomson, B.; Graetz, N.; Margono, C.; Mullany, E.C.; Biryukov, S.; Abbafati, C.; Abera, S.F.; Abraham, J.P.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E.; Achoki, T.; AlBuhairan, F.S.; Alemu, Z.A.; Alfonso, R.; Ali, M.K.; Ali, R.; Guzman, N.A.; Ammar, W.; Anwari, P.; Banerjee, A.; Barquera, S.; Basu, S.; Bennett, D.A.; Bhutta, Z.; Blore, J.; Cabral, N.; Nonato, I.C.; Chang, J.C.; Chowdhury, R.; Courville, K.J.; Criqui, M.H.; Cundiff, D.K.; Dabhadkar, K.C.; Dandona, L.; Davis, A.; Dayama, A.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Ding, E.L.; Durrani, A.M.; Esteghamati, A.; Farzadfar, F.; Fay, D.F.J.; Feigin, V.L.; Flaxman, A.; Forouzanfar, M.H.; Goto, A.; Green, M.A.; Gupta, R.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Hankey, G.J.; Harewood, H.C.; Havmoeller, R.; Hay, S.; Hernandez, L.; Husseini, A.; Idrisov, B.T.; Ikeda, N.; Islami, F.; Jahangir, E.; Jassal, S.K.; Jee, S.H.; Jeffreys, M.; Jonas, J.B.; Kabagambe, E.K.; Khalifa, S.E.A.H.; Kengne, A.P.; Khader, Y.S.; Khang, Y.H.; Kim, D.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kinge, J.M.; Kokubo, Y.; Kosen, S.; Kwan, G.; Lai, T.; Leinsalu, M.; Li, Y.; Liang, X.; Liu, S.; Logroscino, G.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lu, Y.; Ma, J.; Mainoo, N.K.; Mensah, G.A.; Merriman, T.R.; Mokdad, A.H.; Moschandreas, J.; Naghavi, M.; Naheed, A.; Nand, D.; Narayan, K.M.V.; Nelson, E.L.; Neuhouser, M.L.; Nisar, M.I.; Ohkubo, T.; Oti, S.O.; Pedroza, A.; Prabhakaran, D.; Roy, N.; Sampson, U.; Seo, H.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Shibuya, K.; Shiri, R.; Shiue, I.; Singh, G.M.; Singh, J.A.; Skirbekk, V.; Stapelberg, N.J.C.; Sturua, L.; Sykes, B.L.; Tobias, M.; Tran, B.X.; Trasande, L.; Toyoshima, H.; van de Vijver, S.; Vasankari, T.J.; Veerman, J.L.; Velasquez-Melendez, G.; Vlassov, V.V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vos, T.; Wang, C.; Wang, X.; Weiderpass, E.; Werdecker, A.; Wright, J.L.; Yang, Y.C.; Yatsuya, H.; Yoon, J.; Yoon, S.J.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, M.; Zhu, S.; Lopez, A.D.; Murray, C.J.L.; Gakidou, E. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 2014, 384(9945), 766-781.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8] [PMID: 24880830]
[3]
Hruby, A.; Hu, F.B. The epidemiology of obesity: A big picture. PharmacoEconomics, 2015, 33(7), 673-689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x] [PMID: 25471927]
[4]
World Health Organisation Obesity and Overweight, Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
[5]
Abarca-Gómez, L.; Abdeen, Z.A.; Hamid, Z.A.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.; Acosta-Cazares, B.; Acuin, C.; Adams, R.J.; Aekplakorn, W.; Afsana, K.; Aguilar-Salinas, C.A.; Agyemang, C.; Ahmadvand, A.; Ahrens, W.; Ajlouni, K.; Akhtaeva, N.; Al-Hazzaa, H.M.; Al-Othman, A.R.; Al-Raddadi, R.; Al Buhairan, F.; Al Dhukair, S.; Ali, M.M.; Ali, O.; Alkerwi, A.; Alvarez-Pedrerol, M.; Aly, E.; Amarapurkar, D.N.; Amouyel, P.; Amuzu, A.; Andersen, L.B.; Anderssen, S.A.; Andrade, D.S.; Ängquist, L.H.; Anjana, R.M.; Aounallah-Skhiri, H.; Araújo, J.; Ariansen, I.; Aris, T.; Arlappa, N.; Arveiler, D.; Aryal, K.K.; Aspelund, T.; Assah, F.K.; Assunção, M.C.F.; Aung, M.S.; Avdicová, M.; Azevedo, A.; Azizi, F.; Babu, B.V.; Bahijri, S.; Baker, J.L.; Balakrishna, N.; Bamoshmoosh, M.; Banach, M.; Bandosz, P.; Banegas, J.R.; Barbagallo, C.M.; Barceló, A.; Barkat, A.; Barros, A.J.D.; Barros, M.V.G.; Bata, I.; Batieha, A.M.; Batista, R.L.; Batyrbek, A.; Baur, L.A.; Beaglehole, R.; Romdhane, H.B.; Benedics, J.; Benet, M.; Bennett, J.E.; Bernabe-Ortiz, A.; Bernotiene, G.; Bettiol, H.; Bhagyalaxmi, A.; Bharadwaj, S.; Bhargava, S.K.; Bhatti, Z.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Bi, H.; Bi, Y.; Biehl, A.; Bikbov, M.; Bista, B.; Bjelica, D.J.; Bjerregaard, P.; Bjertness, E.; Bjertness, M.B.; Björkelund, C.; Blokstra, A.; Bo, S.; Bobak, M.; Boddy, L.M.; Boehm, B.O.; Boeing, H.; Boggia, J.G.; Boissonnet, C.P.; Bonaccio, M.; Bongard, V.; Bovet, P.; Braeckevelt, L.; Braeckman, L.; Bragt, M.C.E.; Brajkovich, I.; Branca, F.; Breckenkamp, J.; Breda, J.; Brenner, H.; Brewster, L.M.; Brian, G.R.; Brinduse, L.; Bruno, G.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.; Bugge, A.; Buoncristiano, M.; Burazeri, G.; Burns, C.; de León, A.C.; Cacciottolo, J.; Cai, H.; Cama, T.; Cameron, C.; Camolas, J.; Can, G.; Cândido, A.P.C.; Capanzana, M.; Capuano, V.; Cardoso, V.C.; Carlsson, A.C.; Carvalho, M.J.; Casanueva, F.F.; Casas, J-P.; Caserta, C.A.; Chamukuttan, S.; Chan, A.W.; Chan, Q.; Chaturvedi, H.K.; Chaturvedi, N.; Chen, C-J.; Chen, F.; Chen, H.; Chen, S.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, C-Y.; Chetrit, A.; Chikova-Iscener, E.; Chiolero, A.; Chiou, S-T.; Chirita-Emandi, A.; Chirlaque, M-D.; Cho, B.; Cho, Y.; Christensen, K.; Christofaro, D.G.; Chudek, J.; Cifkova, R.; Cinteza, E.; Claessens, F.; Clays, E.; Concin, H.; Confortin, S.C.; Cooper, C.; Cooper, R.; Coppinger, T.C.; Costanzo, S.; Cottel, D.; Cowell, C.; Craig, C.L.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Cucu, A.; D’Arrigo, G.; d’Orsi, E.; Dallongeville, J.; Damasceno, A.; Damsgaard, C.T.; Danaei, G.; Dankner, R.; Dantoft, T.M.; Dastgiri, S.; Dauchet, L.; Davletov, K.; De Backer, G.; De Bacquer, D.; De Curtis, A.; de Gaetano, G.; De Henauw, S.; de Oliveira, P.D.; De Ridder, K.; De Smedt, D.; Deepa, M.; Deev, A.D.; Dehghan, A.; Delisle, H.; Delpeuch, F.; Deschamps, V.; Dhana, K.; Di Castelnuovo, A.F.; Dias-da-Costa, J.S.; Diaz, A.; Dika, Z.; Djalalinia, S.; Do, H.T.P.; Dobson, A.J.; Donati, M.B.; Donfrancesco, C.; Donoso, S.P.; Döring, A.; Dorobantu, M.; Dorosty, A.R.; Doua, K.; Drygas, W.; Duan, J.L.; Duante, C.; Duleva, V.; Dulskiene, V.; Dzerve, V.; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E.; Egbagbe, E.E.; Eggertsen, R.; Eiben, G.; Ekelund, U.; El Ati, J.; Elliott, P.; Engle-Stone, R.; Erasmus, R.T.; Erem, C.; Eriksen, L.; Eriksson, J.G.; la Peña, J.E.; Evans, A.; Faeh, D.; Fall, C.H.; Sant’Angelo, V.F.; Farzadfar, F.; Felix-Redondo, F.J.; Ferguson, T.S.; Fernandes, R.A.; Fernández-Bergés, D.; Ferrante, D.; Ferrari, M.; Ferreccio, C.; Ferrieres, J.; Finn, J.D.; Fischer, K.; Flores, E.M.; Föger, B.; Foo, L.H.; Forslund, A-S.; Forsner, M.; Fouad, H.M.; Francis, D.K.; Franco, M.C.; Franco, O.H.; Frontera, G.; Fuchs, F.D.; Fuchs, S.C.; Fujita, Y.; Furusawa, T.; Gaciong, Z.; Gafencu, M.; Galeone, D.; Galvano, F.; Garcia-de-la-Hera, M.; Gareta, D.; Garnett, S.P.; Gaspoz, J-M.; Gasull, M.; Gates, L.; Geiger, H.; Geleijnse, J.M.; Ghasemian, A.; Giampaoli, S.; Gianfagna, F.; Gill, T.K.; Giovannelli, J.; Giwercman, A.; Godos, J.; Gogen, S.; Goldsmith, R.A.; Goltzman, D.; Gonçalves, H.; González-Leon, M.; González-Rivas, J.P.; Gonzalez-Gross, M.; Gottrand, F.; Graça, A.P.; Graff-Iversen, S.; Grafnetter, D.; Grajda, A.; Grammatikopoulou, M.G.; Gregor, R.D.; Grodzicki, T.; Grøntved, A.; Grosso, G.; Gruden, G.; Grujic, V.; Gu, D.; Gualdi-Russo, E.; Guallar-Castillón, P.; Guan, O.P.; Gudmundsson, E.F.; Gudnason, V.; Guerrero, R.; Guessous, I.; Guimaraes, A.L.; Gulliford, M.C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, J.; Gunter, M.; Guo, X.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, P.C.; Gupta, R.; Gureje, O.; Gurzkowska, B.; Gutierrez, L.; Gutzwiller, F.; Hadaegh, F.; Hadjigeorgiou, C.A.; Si-Ramlee, K.; Halkjær, J.; Hambleton, I.R.; Hardy, R.; Kumar, R.H.; Hassapidou, M.; Hata, J.; Hayes, A.J.; He, J.; Heidinger-Felso, R.; Heinen, M.; Hendriks, M.E.; Henriques, A.; Cadena, L.H.; Herrala, S.; Herrera, V.M.; Herter-Aeberli, I.; Heshmat, R.; Hihtaniemi, I.T.; Ho, S.Y.; Ho, S.C.; Hobbs, M.; Hofman, A.; Hopman, W.M.; Horimoto, A.R.V.R.; Hormiga, C.M.; Horta, B.L.; Houti, L.; Howitt, C.; Htay, T.T.; Htet, A.S.; Htike, M.M.T.; Hu, Y.; Huerta, J.M.; Petrescu, C.H.; Huisman, M.; Husseini, A.; Huu, C.N.; Huybrechts, I.; Hwalla, N.; Hyska, J.; Iacoviello, L.; Iannone, A.G.; Ibarluzea, J.M.; Ibrahim, M.M.; Ikeda, N.; Ikram, M.A.; Irazola, V.E.; Islam, M.; Ismail, A-S.; Ivkovic, V.; Iwasaki, M.; Jackson, R.T.; Jacobs, J.M.; Jaddou, H.; Jafar, T.; Jamil, K.M.; Jamrozik, K.; Janszky, I.; Jarani, J.; Jasienska, G.; Jelakovic, A.; Jelakovic, B.; Jennings, G.; Jeong, S-L.; Jiang, C.Q.; Jiménez-Acosta, S.M.; Joffres, M.; Johansson, M.; Jonas, J.B.; Jørgensen, T.; Joshi, P.; Jovic, D.P.; Józwiak, J.; Juolevi, A.; Jurak, G.; Jureša, V.; Kaaks, R.; Kafatos, A.; Kajantie, E.O.; Kalter-Leibovici, O.; Kamaruddin, N.A.; Kapantais, E.; Karki, K.B.; Kasaeian, A.; Katz, J.; Kauhanen, J.; Kaur, P.; Kavousi, M.; Kazakbaeva, G.; Keil, U.; Boker, L.K.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S.; Kelishadi, R.; Kelleher, C.; Kemper, H.C.G.; Kengne, A.P.; Kerimkulova, A.; Kersting, M.; Key, T.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalili, D.; Khang, Y-H.; Khateeb, M.; Khaw, K-T.; Khouw, I.M.S.L.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U.; Kiechl, S.; Killewo, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, Y-Y.; Klimont, J.; Klumbiene, J.; Knoflach, M.; Koirala, B.; Kolle, E.; Kolsteren, P.; Korrovits, P.; Kos, J.; Koskinen, S.; Kouda, K.; Kovacs, V.A.; Kowlessur, S.; Koziel, S.; Kratzer, W.; Kriemler, S.; Kristensen, P.L.; Krokstad, S.; Kromhout, D.; Kruger, H.S.; Kubinova, R.; Kuciene, R.; Kuh, D.; Kujala, U.M.; Kulaga, Z.; Kumar, R.K.; Kunešová, M.; Kurjata, P.; Kusuma, Y.S.; Kuulasmaa, K.; Kyobutungi, C.; La, Q.N.; Laamiri, F.Z.; Laatikainen, T.; Lachat, C.; Laid, Y.; Lam, T.H.; Landrove, O.; Lanska, V.; Lappas, G.; Larijani, B.; Laugsand, L.E.; Lauria, L.; Laxmaiah, A.; Bao, K.L.N.; Le, T.D.; Lebanan, M.A.O.; Leclercq, C.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.; Lehtimäki, T.; León-Muñoz, L.M.; Levitt, N.S.; Li, Y.; Lilly, C.L.; Lim, W-Y.; Lima-Costa, M.F.; Lin, H-H.; Lin, X.; Lind, L.; Linneberg, A.; Lissner, L.; Litwin, M.; Liu, J.; Loit, H-M.; Lopes, L.; Lorbeer, R.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lozano, J.E.; Luksiene, D.; Lundqvist, A.; Lunet, N.; Lytsy, P.; Ma, G.; Ma, J.; Machado-Coelho, G.L.L.; Machado-Rodrigues, A.M.; Machi, S.; Maggi, S.; Magliano, D.J.; Magriplis, E.; Mahaletchumy, A.; Maire, B.; Majer, M.; Makdisse, M.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malhotra, R.; Rao, K.M.; Malyutina, S.; Manios, Y.; Mann, J.I.; Manzato, E.; Margozzini, P.; Markaki, A.; Markey, O.; Marques, L.P.; Marques-Vidal, P.; Marrugat, J.; Martin-Prevel, Y.; Martin, R.; Martorell, R.; Martos, E.; Marventano, S.; Masoodi, S.R.; Mathiesen, E.B.; Matijasevich, A.; Matsha, T.E.; Mazur, A.; Mbanya, J.C.N.; McFarlane, S.R.; McGarvey, S.T.; McKee, M.; McLachlan, S.; McLean, R.M.; McLean, S.B.; McNulty, B.A.; Yusof, S.M.; Mediene-Benchekor, S.; Medzioniene, J.; Meirhaeghe, A.; Meisfjord, J.; Meisinger, C.; Menezes, A.M.B.; Menon, G.R.; Mensink, G.B.M.; Meshram, I.I.; Metspalu, A.; Meyer, H.E.; Mi, J.; Michaelsen, K.F.; Michels, N.; Mikkel, K.; Miller, J.C.; Minderico, C.S.; Miquel, J.F.; Miranda, J.J.; Mirkopoulou, D.; Mirrakhimov, E.; Mišigoj-Durakovic, M.; Mistretta, A.; Mocanu, V.; Modesti, P.A.; Mohamed, M.K.; Mohammad, K.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohan, V.; Mohanna, S.; Yusoff, M.F.M.; Molbo, D.; Møllehave, L.T.; Møller, N.C.; Molnár, D.; Momenan, A.; Mondo, C.K.; Monterrubio, E.A.; Monyeki, K.D.K.; Moon, J.S.; Moreira, L.B.; Morejon, A.; Moreno, L.A.; Morgan, K.; Mortensen, E.L.; Moschonis, G.; Mossakowska, M.; Mostafa, A.; Mota, J.; Mota-Pinto, A.; Motlagh, M.E.; Motta, J.; Mu, T.T.; Muc, M.; Muiesan, M.L.; Müller-Nurasyid, M.; Murphy, N.; Mursu, J.; Murtagh, E.M.; Musil, V.; Nabipour, I.; Nagel, G.; Naidu, B.M.; Nakamura, H.; Námešná, J.; Nang, E.E.K.; Nangia, V.B.; Nankap, M.; Narake, S.; Nardone, P.; Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M.; Neal, W.A.; Nenko, I.; Neovius, M.; Nervi, F.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nguyen, N.D.; Nguyen, Q.N.; Nieto-Martínez, R.E.; Ning, G.; Ninomiya, T.; Nishtar, S.; Noale, M.; Noboa, O.A.; Norat, T.; Norie, S.; Noto, D.; Nsour, M.A.; O’Reilly, D.; Obreja, G.; Oda, E.; Oehlers, G.; Oh, K.; Ohara, K.; Olafsson, Ö.; Olinto, M.T.A.; Oliveira, I.O.; Oltarzewski, M.; Omar, M.A.; Onat, A.; Ong, S.K.; Ono, L.M.; Ordunez, P.; Ornelas, R.; Ortiz, A.P.; Osler, M.; Osmond, C.; Ostojic, S.M.; Ostovar, A.; Otero, J.A.; Overvad, K.; Owusu-Dabo, E.; Paccaud, F.M.; Padez, C.; Pahomova, E.; Pajak, A.; Palli, D.; Palloni, A.; Palmieri, L.; Pan, W-H.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Pandey, A.; Panza, F.; Papandreou, D.; Park, S-W.; Parnell, W.R.; Parsaeian, M.; Pascanu, I.M.; Patel, N.D.; Pecin, I.; Pednekar, M.S.; Peer, N.; Peeters, P.H.; Peixoto, S.V.; Peltonen, M.; Pereira, A.C.; Perez-Farinos, N.; Pérez, C.M.; Peters, A.; Petkeviciene, J.; Petrauskiene, A.; Peykari, N.; Pham, S.T.; Pierannunzio, D.; Pigeot, I.; Pikhart, H.; Pilav, A.; Pilotto, L.; Pistelli, F.; Pitakaka, F.; Piwonska, A.; Plans-Rubió, P.; Poh, B.K.; Pohlabeln, H.; Pop, R.M.; Popovic, S.R.; Porta, M.; Portegies, M.L.P.; Posch, G.; Poulimeneas, D.; Pouraram, H.; Pourshams, A.; Poustchi, H.; Pradeepa, R.; Prashant, M.; Price, J.F.; Puder, J.J.; Pudule, I.; Puiu, M.; Punab, M.; Qasrawi, R.F.; Qorbani, M.; Bao, T.Q.; Radic, I.; Radisauskas, R.; Rahman, M.; Rahman, M.; Raitakari, O.; Raj, M.; Rao, S.R.; Ramachandran, A.; Ramke, J.; Ramos, E.; Ramos, R.; Rampal, L.; Rampal, S.; Rascon-Pacheco, R.A.; Redon, J.; Reganit, P.F.M.; Ribas-Barba, L.; Ribeiro, R.; Riboli, E.; Rigo, F.; de Wit, T.F.R.; Rito, A.; Ritti-Dias, R.M.; Rivera, J.A.; Robinson, S.M.; Robitaille, C.; Rodrigues, D.; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F.; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M.; Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A.; Rojas-Martinez, R.; Rojroongwasinkul, N.; Romaguera, D.; Ronkainen, K.; Rosengren, A.; Rouse, I.; Roy, J.G.R.; Rubinstein, A.; Rühli, F.J.; Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S.; Russo, P.; Rutkowski, M.; Sabanayagam, C.; Sachdev, H.S.; Saidi, O.; Salanave, B.; Martinez, E.S.; Salmerón, D.; Salomaa, V.; Salonen, J.T.; Salvetti, M.; Sánchez-Abanto, J. Sandjaja; Sans, S.; Marina, L.S.; Santos, D.A.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, O.; dos Santos, R.N.; Santos, R.; Saramies, J.L.; Sardinha, L.B.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Saum, K-U.; Savva, S.; Savy, M.; Scazufca, M.; Rosario, A.S.; Schargrodsky, H.; Schienkiewitz, A.; Schipf, S.; Schmidt, C.O.; Schmidt, I.M.; Schultsz, C.; Schutte, A.E.; Sein, A.A.; Sen, A.; Senbanjo, I.O.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Serra-Majem, L.; Shalnova, S.A.; Sharma, S.K.; Shaw, J.E.; Shibuya, K.; Shin, D.W.; Shin, Y.; Shiri, R.; Siani, A.; Siantar, R.; Sibai, A.M.; Silva, A.M.; Silva, D.A.S.; Simon, M.; Simons, J.; Simons, L.A.; Sjöberg, A.; Sjöström, M.; Skovbjerg, S.; Slowikowska-Hilczer, J.; Slusarczyk, P.; Smeeth, L.; Smith, M.C.; Snijder, M.B.; So, H-K.; Sobngwi, E.; Söderberg, S.; Soekatri, M.Y.E.; Solfrizzi, V.; Sonestedt, E.; Song, Y.; Sørensen, T.I.A.; Soric, M.; Jérome, C.S.; Soumare, A.; Spinelli, A.; Spiroski, I.; Staessen, J.A.; Stamm, H.; Starc, G.; Stathopoulou, M.G.; Staub, K.; Stavreski, B.; Steene-Johannessen, J.; Stehle, P.; Stein, A.D.; Stergiou, G.S.; Stessman, J.; Stieber, J.; Stöckl, D.; Stocks, T.; Stokwiszewski, J.; Stratton, G.; Stronks, K.; Strufaldi, M.W.; Suárez-Medina, R.; Sun, C-A.; Sundström, J.; Sung, Y-T.; Sunyer, J.; Suriyawongpaisal, P.; Swinburn, B.A.; Sy, R.G.; Szponar, L.; Tai, E.S.; Tammesoo, M-L.; Tamosiunas, A.; Tan, E.J.; Tang, X.; Tanser, F.; Tao, Y.; Tarawneh, M.R.; Tarp, J.; Tarqui-Mamani, C.B.; Tautu, O-F.; Braunerová, R.T.; Taylor, A.; Tchibindat, F.; Theobald, H.; Theodoridis, X.; Thijs, L.; Thuesen, B.H.; Tjonneland, A.; Tolonen, H.K.; Tolstrup, J.S.; Topbas, M.; Topór-Madry, R.; Tormo, M.J.; Tornaritis, M.J.; Torrent, M.; Toselli, S.; Traissac, P.; Trichopoulos, D.; Trichopoulou, A.; Trinh, O.T.H.; Trivedi, A.; Tshepo, L.; Tsigga, M.; Tsugane, S.; Tulloch-Reid, M.K.; Tullu, F.; Tuomainen, T-P.; Tuomilehto, J.; Turley, M.L.; Tynelius, P.; Tzotzas, T.; Tzourio, C.; Ueda, P.; Ugel, E.E.; Ukoli, F.A.M.; Ulmer, H.; Unal, B.; Uusitalo, H.M.T.; Valdivia, G.; Vale, S.; Valvi, D.; van der Schouw, Y.T.; Van Herck, K.; Van Minh, H.; van Rossem, L.; Van Schoor, N.M.; van Valkengoed, I.G.M.; Vanderschueren, D.; Vanuzzo, D.; Vatten, L.; Vega, T.; Veidebaum, T.; Velasquez-Melendez, G.; Velika, B.; Veronesi, G.; Verschuren, W.M.M.; Victora, C.G.; Viegi, G.; Viet, L.; Viikari-Juntura, E.; Vineis, P.; Vioque, J.; Virtanen, J.K.; Visvikis-Siest, S.; Viswanathan, B.; Vlasoff, T.; Vollenweider, P.; Völzke, H.; Voutilainen, S.; Vrijheid, M.; Wade, A.N.; Wagner, A.; Waldhör, T.; Walton, J.; Bebakar, W.M.W.; Mohamud, W.N.W.; Wanderley, R.S., Jr; Wang, M-D.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Y.X.; Wang, Y-W.; Wannamethee, S.G.; Wareham, N.; Weber, A.; Wedderkopp, N.; Weerasekera, D.; Whincup, P.H.; Widhalm, K.; Widyahening, I.S.; Wiecek, A.; Wijga, A.H.; Wilks, R.J.; Willeit, J.; Willeit, P.; Wilsgaard, T.; Wojtyniak, B.; Wong-McClure, R.A.; Wong, J.Y.Y.; Wong, J.E.; Wong, T.Y.; Woo, J.; Woodward, M.; Wu, F.C.; Wu, J.; Wu, S.; Xu, H.; Xu, L.; Yamborisut, U.; Yan, W.; Yang, X.; Yardim, N.; Ye, X.; Yiallouros, P.K.; Yngve, A.; Yoshihara, A.; You, Q.S.; Younger-Coleman, N.O.; Yusoff, F.; Yusoff, M.F.M.; Zaccagni, L.; Zafiropulos, V.; Zainuddin, A.A.; Zambon, S.; Zampelas, A.; Zamrazilová, H.; Zdrojewski, T.; Zeng, Y.; Zhao, D.; Zhao, W.; Zheng, W.; Zheng, Y.; Zholdin, B.; Zhou, M.; Zhu, D.; Zhussupov, B.; Zimmermann, E.; Cisneros, J.Z.; Bentham, J.; Di Cesare, M.; Bilano, V.; Bixby, H.; Zhou, B.; Stevens, G.A.; Riley, L.M.; Taddei, C.; Hajifathalian, K.; Lu, Y.; Savin, S.; Cowan, M.J.; Paciorek, C.J.; Chirita-Emandi, A.; Hayes, A.J.; Katz, J.; Kelishadi, R.; Kengne, A.P.; Khang, Y-H.; Laxmaiah, A.; Li, Y.; Ma, J.; Miranda, J.J.; Mostafa, A.; Neovius, M.; Padez, C.; Rampal, L.; Zhu, A.; Bennett, J.E.; Danaei, G.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Ezzati, M. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet, 2017, 390(10113), 2627-2642.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3] [PMID: 29029897]
[6]
Hales, C.M.C.M.; Fryar, C.D.; Ogden, C.L. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States. NCHS Data Brief, 2020, 360, 1-8.
[7]
Black, R.E.; Victora, C.G.; Walker, S.P.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Christian, P.; de Onis, M.; Ezzati, M.; Grantham-McGregor, S.; Katz, J.; Martorell, R.; Uauy, R. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet, 2013, 382(9890), 427-451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X] [PMID: 23746772]
[8]
Auger, N.; Potter, B.J.; He, S.; Healy-Profitós, J.; Schnitzer, M.E.; Paradis, G. Maternal cardiovascular disease 3 decades after preterm birth. Hypertension, 2020, 75(3), 788-795.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14221] [PMID: 32008431]
[9]
Sweeting, A.; Wong, J.; Murphy, H.R.; Ross, G.P. A clinical update on gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr. Rev., 2022, 43(5), 763-793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnac003] [PMID: 35041752]
[10]
Omaña-Guzmán, L.I.; Ortiz-Hernández, L.; Ancira-Moreno, M.; Morales-Hernández, V.; O’Neill, M.S.; Vadillo-Ortega, F. Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and rate of weight gain during pregnancy with maternal indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Nutr. Diabetes, 2021, 11(1), 36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41387-021-00178-9] [PMID: 34824195]
[11]
Ding, J.; Maxwell, A.; Adzibolosu, N.; Hu, A.; You, Y.; Liao, A.; Mor, G. Mechanisms of immune regulation by the placenta: Role of type I interferon and interferon‐stimulated genes signaling during pregnancy. Immunol. Rev., 2022, 308(1), 9-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.13077] [PMID: 35306673]
[12]
Rizzuto, G.; Brooks, J.F.; Tuomivaara, S.T.; McIntyre, T.I.; Ma, S.; Rideaux, D.; Zikherman, J.; Fisher, S.J.; Erlebacher, A. Establishment of fetomaternal tolerance through glycan-mediated B cell suppression. Nature, 2022, 603(7901), 497-502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04471-0] [PMID: 35236989]
[13]
Parrettini, S.; Caroli, A.; Torlone, E. Nutrition and metabolic adaptations in physiological and complicated pregnancy: Focus on obesity and gestational diabetes. Front. Endocrinol., 2020, 11, 611929.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.611929] [PMID: 33424775]
[14]
Lønberg, U.; Damm, P.; Andersson, A.M.; Main, K.M.; Chellakooty, M.; Lauenborg, J.; Skakkebæk, N.E.; Juul, A. Increase in maternal placental growth hormone during pregnancy and disappearance during parturition in normal and growth hormone-deficient pregnancies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2003, 188(1), 247-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.82] [PMID: 12548225]
[15]
Kampmann, U.; Knorr, S.; Fuglsang, J.; Ovesen, P. Determinants of maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy: An updated overview. J. Diabetes Res., 2019, 2019, 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5320156] [PMID: 31828161]
[16]
Catalano, P.M. Obesity, insulin resistance, and pregnancy outcome. Reproduction, 2010, 140(3), 365-371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/REP-10-0088] [PMID: 20457594]
[17]
Kirwan, J.P.; Hauguel-De Mouzon, S.; Lepercq, J.; Challier, J.C.; Huston-Presley, L.; Friedman, J.E.; Kalhan, S.C.; Catalano, P.M. TNF-alpha is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy. Diabetes, 2002, 51(7), 2207-2213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2207] [PMID: 12086951]
[18]
Mitchell, M.; Armstrong, D.T.; Robker, R.L.; Norman, R.J. Adipokines: implications for female fertility and obesity. Reproduction, 2005, 130(5), 583-597.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00521] [PMID: 16264089]
[19]
Chu, S.Y.; Callaghan, W.M.; Kim, S.Y.; Schmid, C.H.; Lau, J.; England, L.J.; Dietz, P.M. Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 2007, 30(8), 2070-2076.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-2559a] [PMID: 17416786]
[20]
Aldridge, E.; Pathirana, M.; Wittwer, M.; Sierp, S.; Leemaqz, S.Y.; Roberts, C.T.; Dekker, G.A.; Arstall, M.A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women after maternal complications of pregnancy: An observational cohort analysis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2022, 9, 853851.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.853851] [PMID: 35360031]
[21]
Pijuan Domènech, A.; Gatzoulis, M.A. Embarazo y cardiopatía. Rev. Esp. Cardiol., 2006, 59(9), 971-984.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13092801] [PMID: 17020705]
[22]
Kodogo, V.; Azibani, F.; Sliwa, K. Role of pregnancy hormones and hormonal interaction on the maternal cardiovascular system: A literature review. Clin. Res. Cardiol., 2019, 108(8), 831-846.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-019-01441-x] [PMID: 30806769]
[23]
Jarvis, S.; Nelson-Piercy, C. Common symptoms and signs during pregnancy. Obstetrics, Gynaecol. Reprod. Med., 2020, 30(10), 321-325.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.07.005]
[24]
Poston, L.; Caleyachetty, R.; Cnattingius, S.; Corvalán, C.; Uauy, R.; Herring, S.; Gillman, M.W. Preconceptional and maternal obesity: Epidemiology and health consequences. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2016, 4(12), 1025-1036.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30217-0] [PMID: 27743975]
[25]
Lu, J.; He, J.; Li, M.; Tang, X.; Hu, R.; Shi, L.; Su, Q.; Peng, K.; Xu, M.; Xu, Y.; Chen, Y.; Yu, X.; Yan, L.; Wang, T.; Zhao, Z.; Qin, G.; Wan, Q.; Chen, G.; Dai, M.; Zhang, D.; Gao, Z.; Wang, G.; Shen, F.; Luo, Z.; Qin, Y.; Chen, L.; Huo, Y.; Li, Q.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Du, R.; Cheng, D.; Liu, C.; Wang, Y.; Wu, S.; Yang, T.; Deng, H.; Li, D.; Lai, S.; Bloomgarden, Z.T.; Chen, L.; Zhao, J.; Mu, Y.; Ning, G.; Wang, W.; Bi, Y. Predictive value of fasting glucose, postload glucose, and hemoglobin A1c on risk of diabetes and complications in chinese adults. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(8), 1539-1548.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1390] [PMID: 31152120]
[26]
Wang, T.; Lu, J.; Su, Q.; Chen, Y.; Bi, Y.; Mu, Y.; Chen, L.; Hu, R.; Tang, X.; Yu, X.; Li, M.; Xu, M.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Yan, L.; Qin, G.; Wan, Q.; Chen, G.; Dai, M.; Zhang, D.; Gao, Z.; Wang, G.; Shen, F.; Luo, Z.; Qin, Y.; Chen, L.; Huo, Y.; Li, Q.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, C.; Wang, Y.; Wu, S.; Yang, T.; Deng, H.; Li, D.; Lai, S.; Bloomgarden, Z.T.; Shi, L.; Ning, G.; Zhao, J.; Wang, W. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and major cardiovascular events in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. JAMA Cardiol., 2019, 4(9), 874-883.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2499] [PMID: 31365039]
[27]
Ning, G. Risk evaluation of cancers in chinese diabetic individuals: A longitudinal (REACTION) study. J. Diabetes, 2012, 4(2), 172-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00182.x] [PMID: 22221801]
[28]
Sonagra, A.D.; Biradar, S.M. K, D.; Murthy D S, J. Normal pregnancy- a state of insulin resistance. J. Clin. Diagn. Res., 2014, 8(11), CC01-CC03.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/10068.5081] [PMID: 25584208]
[29]
Kathleen, M. Rasmussen ALY. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/12584]
[30]
Haugen, M.; Brantsæter, A.L.; Winkvist, A.; Lissner, L.; Alexander, J.; Oftedal, B.; Magnus, P.; Meltzer, H.M. Associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcome and postpartum weight retention: A prospective observational cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2014, 14(1), 201.
[PMID: 24917037]
[31]
Koren, O.; Goodrich, J.K.; Cullender, T.C.; Spor, A.; Laitinen, K.; Kling Bäckhed, H.; Gonzalez, A.; Werner, J.J.; Angenent, L.T.; Knight, R.; Bäckhed, F.; Isolauri, E.; Salminen, S.; Ley, R.E. Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy. Cell, 2012, 150(3), 470-480.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008] [PMID: 22863002]
[32]
Zakaria, Z.Z.; Al-Rumaihi, S.; Al-Absi, R.S.; Farah, H.; Elamin, M.; Nader, R.; Bouabidi, S.; Suleiman, S.E.; Nasr, S.; Al-Asmakh, M. Physiological changes and interactions between microbiome and the host during pregnancy. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 2022, 12, 824925.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.824925] [PMID: 35265534]
[33]
Gohir, W.; Ratcliffe, E.M.; Sloboda, D.M. Of the bugs that shape us: Maternal obesity, the gut microbiome, and long-term disease risk. Pediatr. Res., 2015, 77(1-2), 196-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2014.169] [PMID: 25314580]
[34]
Heliövaara, M.; Aromaa, A. Parity and obesity. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 1981, 35(3), 197-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.35.3.197] [PMID: 7328379]
[35]
Hajiahmadi, M.; Shafi, H.; Delavar, M.A. Impact of parity on obesity: A cross-sectional study in Iranian women. Med. Princ. Pract., 2015, 24(1), 70-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368358] [PMID: 25402350]
[36]
Taghdir, M.; Alimohamadi, Y.; Sepandi, M.; Rezaianzadeh, A.; Abbaszadeh, S.; Mahmud, F.M. Association between parity and obesity: A cross sectional study on 6,447 Iranian females. J. Prev. Med. Hyg., 2020, 61(3), E476-E481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1430] [PMID: 33150236]
[37]
Pan, X.F.; Wang, L.; Pan, A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2021, 9(6), 373-392.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00045-0] [PMID: 34022156]
[38]
Djalalinia, S.; Saeedi Moghaddam, S.; Sheidaei, A.; Rezaei, N.; Naghibi Iravani, S.S.; Modirian, M.; Zokaei, H.; Yoosefi, M.; Gohari, K.; Kousha, A.; Abdi, Z.; Naderimagham, S.; Soroush, A.R.; Larijani, B.; Farzadfar, F. Patterns of obesity and overweight in the iranian population: Findings of STEPs 2016. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne), 2020, 11, 42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00042] [PMID: 32174887]
[39]
Arroyo, P.; Avila-Rosas, H.; Fernández, V.; Casanueva, E.; Galván, D. Parity and the prevalence of overweight. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 1995, 48(3), 269-272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(94)02284-6] [PMID: 7781868]
[40]
Kim, S.A.; Yount, K.M.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Martorell, R. The relationship between parity and overweight varies with household wealth and national development. Int. J. Epidemiol., 2007, 36(1), 93-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl252] [PMID: 17175546]
[41]
Ohashi, M.; Miura, K.; Takashima, N.; Kadota, A.; Saito, Y.; Tsuji, S.; Murakami, T.; Kadomatsu, Y.; Nagayoshi, M.; Hara, M.; Tanaka, K.; Tamura, T.; Hishida, A.; Takezaki, T.; Shimoshikiryo, I.; Ozaki, E.; Watanabe, I.; Suzuki, S.; Watanabe, M.; Kuriki, K.; Arisawa, K.; Katsuura-Kamano, S.; Yamasaki, S.; Ikezaki, H.; Oze, I.; Koyanagi, Y.N.; Mikami, H.; Nakamura, Y.; Takeuchi, K.; Kita, Y.; Wakai, K.; Takeuchi, K.; Nagase, H.; Narimatsu, H.; Matsuo, K.; Hishida, A.; Miura, K.; Koyama, T.; Ikezaki, H. The association of reproductive history with hypertension and obesity according to menopausal status: The J-MICC Study. Hypertens. Res., 2022, 45(4), 708-714.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-021-00820-0] [PMID: 35031776]
[42]
Brown, L.M.; Clegg, D.J. Central effects of estradiol in the regulation of food intake, body weight, and adiposity. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2010, 122(1-3), 65-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.12.005] [PMID: 20035866]
[43]
Seiler, A.; Chen, M.A.; Brown, R.L.; Fagundes, C.P. Obesity, dietary factors, nutrition, and breast cancer risk. Curr. Breast Cancer Rep., 2018, 10(1), 14-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0] [PMID: 30662586]
[44]
Audrain-McGovern, J.; Benowitz, N.L. Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2011, 90(1), 164-168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.105] [PMID: 21633341]
[45]
Sarwer, D.B.; Allison, K.C.; Gibbons, L.M.; Markowitz, J.T.; Nelson, D.B. Pregnancy and obesity: A review and agenda for future research. J. Womens Health, 2006, 15(6), 720-733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.15.720] [PMID: 16910904]
[46]
Salles, G.F.; Schlüssel, M.M.; Farias, D.R.; Franco-Sena, A.B.; Rebelo, F.; Lacerda, E.M.A.; Kac, G. Blood pressure in healthy pregnancy and factors associated with no mid-trimester blood pressure drop: A prospective cohort study. Am. J. Hypertens., 2015, 28(5), 680-689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpu204] [PMID: 25376641]
[47]
Tatum, M. China’s three-child policy. Lancet, 2021, 397(10291), 2238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01295-2] [PMID: 34119051]
[48]
Catalano, P.M.; Shankar, K. Obesity and pregnancy: Mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child. BMJ, 2017, 356, j1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1] [PMID: 28179267]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy