The Potential of Nanotechnology to Replace Cancer Stem Cells

Muhammad   Ammar   Amanat; Anum      Farrukh; Muhammad   Umer Bin Muhammad   Ishaq; Binyameen      Bin Shafqat; Saqib   Hussain   Haidri; Rehab      Amin; Rafia      Sameen; Tahira      Kamal; Muhammad   Naeem   Riaz; Waleed      Quresh; Rabia      Ikram; Ghulam   Muhammad   Ali; Sania      Begum; Sajid   Ali Khan   Bangash; Imdad      Kaleem; Shahid      Bashir; Sahir   Hameed   Khattak

doi:10.2174/1574888X18666230601140700

Abstract

Stem cells, which were initially identified in the 1900s, are distinct cells with the potential to replenish themselves as well as differentiate into specialised cells with certain forms and functions. Cancer stem cells play a significant role in the growth and recurrence of the tumours and, similar to normal stem cells, are capable of proliferating and differentiating. Traditional cancer treatments are ineffective against cancer stem cells, which leads to tumour regrowth. Cancer stem cells are thought to emerge as a result of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways. Brain, prostate, pancreatic, blood, ovarian, lung, liver, melanomas, AML, and breast cancer stem cells are among the most prevalent cancer forms. This review aims to comprehend the possibility of using specific forms of nanotechnology to replace cancer stem cells. In terms of nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles can deliver medications, especially to the target region without harming healthy cells, and they are biocompatible. In order to kill glioma cancer stem cells, the gold nanoparticles bond with DNA and function as radio sensitizers. In contrast, liposomes can circulate and traverse biological membranes and exhibit high therapeutic efficacy, precise targeting, and better drug release. Similar to carbon nanotubes, grapheme, and grapheme oxide, these substances can be delivered specifically when utilized in photothermal therapy. Recent treatments including signaling pathways and indicators targeted by nanoparticles are being researched. Future research in nanotechnology aims to develop more effective and targeted medicinal approaches. The results of the current investigation also showed that this technology's utilization will improve medical therapy and treatment.

Keywords: Cancer stem cells, nanomaterials, nanotechnology, gold nano-particles, carbon nano-tubes, grapheme, and grapheme oxide.

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888X18666230601140700	Print ISSN 1574-888X
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