Abstract
Mucous epithelia and their glands represent vital surfaces of the body which are topologically in direct contact and communicate with the environment. These highly specialized epithelia are protected by several lines of defence, such as mucous gels, regeneration and repair mechanisms, and acute inflammatory processes. Pathologically, chronic inflammation is associated with cancer. There are two different regeneration and repair mechanisms of mucous epithelia known which also cover different time scales. First, rapid repair of superficial lesions via cell migration - a process called restitution - starts within minutes. Second, continuous regeneration via differentiation and proliferation of stem and progenitor cells is responsible for self-renewal within days to months. This article reviews molecular mechanisms responsible for the regeneration of various mucous epithelia with a special emphasis on the complex situation in the gastric mucosa and its glands. For example, the two gross types of gastric units, i.e., the fundic and the antral types, respectively, differ largely by their histology, regeneration rates and regeneration profiles. Currently, a rough picture is emerging on the molecular mechanisms behind including the characterization of different somatic stem cell types and stem cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, dysregulated regeneration is well known now as a cause of various metaplasias (reversible remodeling of epithelia) and cancer, with chronic inflammation playing a key role. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regeneration and their dysregulation is essential for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy and it will also promote the emerging field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Keywords: Gastric mucosa, regenerative medicine, stem cells, regeneration, gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, SPEM, trefoil factors
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Regeneration of the Gastric Mucosa and its Glands from Stem Cells
Volume: 15 Issue: 29
Author(s): Werner Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Keywords: Gastric mucosa, regenerative medicine, stem cells, regeneration, gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, SPEM, trefoil factors
Abstract: Mucous epithelia and their glands represent vital surfaces of the body which are topologically in direct contact and communicate with the environment. These highly specialized epithelia are protected by several lines of defence, such as mucous gels, regeneration and repair mechanisms, and acute inflammatory processes. Pathologically, chronic inflammation is associated with cancer. There are two different regeneration and repair mechanisms of mucous epithelia known which also cover different time scales. First, rapid repair of superficial lesions via cell migration - a process called restitution - starts within minutes. Second, continuous regeneration via differentiation and proliferation of stem and progenitor cells is responsible for self-renewal within days to months. This article reviews molecular mechanisms responsible for the regeneration of various mucous epithelia with a special emphasis on the complex situation in the gastric mucosa and its glands. For example, the two gross types of gastric units, i.e., the fundic and the antral types, respectively, differ largely by their histology, regeneration rates and regeneration profiles. Currently, a rough picture is emerging on the molecular mechanisms behind including the characterization of different somatic stem cell types and stem cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, dysregulated regeneration is well known now as a cause of various metaplasias (reversible remodeling of epithelia) and cancer, with chronic inflammation playing a key role. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regeneration and their dysregulation is essential for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy and it will also promote the emerging field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hoffmann Werner, Regeneration of the Gastric Mucosa and its Glands from Stem Cells, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 15 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708786848587
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708786848587 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Role of CHK2 Inhibitors in the Cellular Responses to Ionizing Radiation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Immune Response Manipulation: Recombinant Immunoreceptors Endow T-Cells with Predefined Specificity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic: Beyond Chemotherapy: Future Directions in Lymphoma Treatment (Guest Editor: Thomas Decker)]
Current Drug Targets Lamellarins, from A to Z: A Family of Anticancer Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents A New Strategy to Target Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem and Progenitor Cells Using Chidamide, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
Current Cancer Drug Targets α-Halogenoacrylic Derivatives of Antitumor Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Advances in the Researches on the Biological Activities and Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 2-Acetamidothiazole-5- carboxamide Derivatives
Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Activation in Atherosclerosis and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry L1 Retrotransposon and Retinoblastoma: Molecular Linkages Between Epigenetics and Cancer
Current Molecular Medicine The Polyhedric Abl Kinases and their Pharmacologic Inhibitors
Current Enzyme Inhibition Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Approaches Based on Intracellular and Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins
Current Medicinal Chemistry TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) as a Pro-Apoptotic Signal Transducer with Cancer Therapeutic Potential
Current Pharmaceutical Design Base Excision Repair, the Redox Environment and Therapeutic Implications
Current Molecular Pharmacology DYRK1A Kinase Inhibitors with Emphasis on Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Is there a Possible Single Mediator in Modulating Neuroendocrine–thymus Interaction in Ageing?
Current Aging Science Altered Glycosylation of Proteins in Cancer: What Is the Potential for New Anti-Tumour Strategies
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Melatonin and Aromatase in Breast Cancer
Clinical Cancer Drugs Targeting Aurora Kinases in Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Targets Predictive Markers for Haematological Toxicity of Pemetrexed
Current Drug Targets