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摘要
褪黑素是松果体分泌的一种神经内分泌激素。褪黑素的分泌遵循视交叉上核控制的昼夜节律,其分泌与自然界的昼夜变化同步,夜间分泌量最高。褪黑素是协调外界光刺激和机体细胞反应的关键激素。它将包括昼夜节律和季节节律在内的环境光周期信息传递给体内的相关组织和器官,并伴随其分泌水平的变化,确保其受调节的功能活动适应外界环境的变化。褪黑素主要通过与特定的膜结合受体(MT1和MT2)相互作用发挥有益作用。褪黑素也通过非受体介导的机制作为自由基的清除剂。半个多世纪以来,人们一直认为褪黑素与脊椎动物的繁殖有关,尤其是在季节性繁殖的情况下。尽管现代人类显示出很少的生殖季节性,褪黑素和人类生殖之间的关系继续引起广泛关注。褪黑素在改善线粒体功能、减少自由基损伤、诱导卵母细胞成熟、提高受精率、促进胚胎发育等方面具有重要作用,从而改善体外受精和胚胎移植的效果。本文综述了褪黑素在生殖中的生理作用及其在生殖医学中的潜在临床应用方面的研究进展。
关键词: 褪黑素,生殖,下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴,肿瘤治疗,受精率,神经内分泌激素。
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