Title:Transcriptional Factors Mediated Reprogramming to Pluripotency
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Author(s): Nazira Fatima, Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Muhammad Qasim, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Uzair Ahmed and Muhammad Shareef Masoud*
Affiliation:
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College
University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
Keywords:
Stem cells, regenerative medicine, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogramming, transcription factor, kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4).
Abstract: A unique kind of pluripotent cell, i.e., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), now being targeted
for iPSC synthesis, are produced by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells (with no
change in genetic makeup for the sake of high efficacy iPSCs formation). The conversion of specific cells
to iPSCs has revolutionized stem cell research by making pluripotent cells more controllable for regenerative
therapy. For the past 15 years, somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency with force expression of
specified factors has been a fascinating field of biomedical study. For that technological primary viewpoint
reprogramming method, a cocktail of four transcription factors (TF) has required: Kruppel-like factor
4 (KLF4), four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), MYC and SOX2 (together referred to as
OSKM) and host cells. IPS cells have great potential for future tissue replacement treatments because of
their ability to self-renew and specialize in all adult cell types, although factor-mediated reprogramming
mechanisms are still poorly understood medically. This technique has dramatically improved performance
and efficiency, making it more useful in drug discovery, disease remodeling, and regenerative medicine.
Moreover, in these four TF cocktails, more than 30 reprogramming combinations were proposed, but for
reprogramming effectiveness, only a few numbers have been demonstrated for the somatic cells of humans
and mice. Stoichiometry, a combination of reprogramming agents and chromatin remodeling compounds,
impacts kinetics, quality, and efficiency in stem cell research.