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Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

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Review Article

Staphylococcus aureus Dormancy: Waiting for Insurgency

Author(s): Ahmad Nasser, Shiva Jahanbakhshi, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Maryam Banar, Azin Sattari-Maraji* and Taher Azimi

Volume 24, Issue 15, 2023

Published on: 11 May, 2023

Page: [1898 - 1915] Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230411110002

Price: $65

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Abstract

Relapse infection usually results from resistance to the antibiotic, acquired genes, or persister cells. Persister cells are formed through mutation, reduced activity or metabolically inactive pathways induced by antibiotics, harassing conditions, low ATP, and malnutrition. These factors provide the ground for bacteria to grow slowly. Such a slow growth rate makes traditional antibiotics ineffective against persister cells. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in addition to this form, can be observed in Small Colony Variants (SCVs), L-forms, and dormant, all of which are characterized by at least one feature, i.e., slow growth. Despite their slow growth, they are metabolically active in terms of stringent SOS and cell wall stress responses. The stress response involves resistance against harassing conditions, and it survives until it is reactivated later. The present study aims to discuss the mechanisms of all persister cell formations, circumstances involved, gene mutation, and adoptable strategies against it.

Keywords: Persister cell, dormancy, biofilm, L forms, stringent response, ribosome hibernation.

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