Title:Centenary of Insulin Therapy: A Review
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Author(s): Abrar Ahmad Zargar, Ranjeet Kumar*, Arvind Kumar, Ruby Gangwar and Amit Sharma
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
Keywords:
Centenary, insulin therapy, hypoglycaemia, pen devices, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics.
Abstract: Insulin is an endocrine hormone produced by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas. It regulates blood sugar levels and various anabolic activities such as glycogenesis and
lipid synthesis. Despite the fact that insulin therapy has been around for 100 years, insulin formulations
are continually being improved to lower the risk of hypoglycaemia and other adverse effects,
including weight gain. The development of insulin pens has significantly reduced the consequences
of hypoglycaemia instead of vials and syringes. Both injectable devices were well-received by the
patients. In the population under study, the efficacy and safety profiles of the pen appeared to be
comparable to those of the vial/syringe. However, more patients reported that they would like to
keep using pen devices. This article aimed to summarize the background of insulin, its mechanism,
types, needle size, injection technique, adverse drug reactions and various studies related to insulin.
It has been recommended intensive treatment of type-1 and type-2 diabetes patients to achieve
good metabolic control and avoid chronic complications caused by poor glycaemic control.
Healthcare professionals should address concerns about safe and effective implementation of inpatient
hypoglycaemic control and insulin usage and they should empower patients to self-manage
their diabetes, so they may improve their quality of life as well as avoid potential complications.
Much more progress is expected in the future, at a faster pace, based on the implementation of
well-organized recovery efforts, advancing technologies, and scientific collaboration.
