Title:Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as
Biomarkers
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
关键词:
外泌体，癌症，生物标志物，miRNA，囊泡，乳腺癌，诊断。
摘要:
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection.
Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and
personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or
serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring
expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more
reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis.
Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging
from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo
contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer.
Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in
cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental
conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due
to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy
cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly
rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer-
derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection
of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response.
In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common
types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the
leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential
utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be
important in targeted cancer therapy.
