Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2352-0965
ISSN (Online): 2352-0973

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

A New 3D Frequency-Selective Structure for 5G Communication

Author(s): Mohammadreza Khorshidi* and Mehdi Forouzanfar

Volume 16, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 09 March, 2023

Page: [611 - 618] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2352096516666230213120816

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In this paper, a new frequency-selective structure (FSS) for 3 to 4 GHz frequency band of fifth generation (5G) is proposed as a result of an analytical mode-matching method.

Methods: A new periodic structure with stepped rods is designed using a closed-form equation derived by the analytical mode-matching method. Performance of the structure is simulated by different numerical packages.

Results: The analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the designed structure transmits incident waves in 3.4 to 3.9 GHz frequency range with return loss lower than 10 dB and insertion loss of about 0.5 dB. The structure reflects the frequencies out of this range, especially wireless local area network (WLAN) 5 GHz, which is adjacent to this band. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed structure is independent of the TE and TM polarization of the incident wave and relative to the angle of the incident wave up to 60 degrees from perpendicular to the FSS surface, it has minor variations of about 8% in the transmitted frequency bandwidth. In addition, the average value of maximum field enhancement factor (MFEF) as the ratio of maximum field magnitude on the FSS surface to the magnitude of the incident field, used for assessing power handling capability of the structure, is about 4.5.

Conclusion: Therefore, these features make the proposed structure suitable for 5G communication and high power systems.

Keywords: Frequency-selective structure, power handling, WLAN interference, 5G communication, 3D FSS, polarization independency.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
F. Costa, and A. Monorchio, "A frequency selective radome with wideband absorbing properties", IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2740-2747, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2194640]
[2]
A. Kapoor, R. Mishra, and P. Kumar, "Wideband miniaturized patch radiator for Sub-6 GHz 5G devices", Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 9, p. e07931, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07931] [PMID: 34527826]
[3]
A. Chatterjee, and S.K. Parui, "Frequency-dependent directive radiation of monopole-dielectric resonator antenna using a conformal frequency selective surface", IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 2233-2239, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2677914]
[4]
J. Xu, H.X. Xu, H. Luo, Y. Wang, and C. Wang, "A Low-rcs folded reflectarray combining dual-metasurface and rasorber", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 2462-2466, 2022.
[5]
R. Saleem, M. Bilal, H.T. Chattha, S. Ur Rehman, A. Mushtaq, and M.F. Shafique, "An FSS based multiband MIMO system incorporating 3D antennas for WLAN/WiMAX/5G cellular and 5G Wi-Fi applications", IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 144732-144740, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945810]
[6]
F. Erkmen, T.S. Almoneef, and O.M. Ramahi, "Scalable electromagnetic energy harvesting using frequency-selective surfaces", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 2433-2441, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2018.2804956]
[7]
S. Yang, P. Liu, M. Yang, Q. Wang, J. Song, and L. Dong, "From flexible and stretchable meta-atom to metamaterial: A wearable microwave meta-skin with tunable frequency selective and cloaking effects", Sci. Rep., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 21921, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21921] [PMID: 26902969]
[8]
A. Sripradit, and T. Theeradejvanichkul, "Design and simulation of a greenhouse FSS nanofiber film for enhancing agricultural productivity by selective reduction of UV and NIR", Inventions, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 16, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010016]
[9]
G. Deng, T. Xia, Y. Fang, J. Yang, and Z. Yin, "A polarization-dependent frequency-selective metamaterial absorber with multiple absorption peaks", Appl. Sci., vol. 7, no. 6, p. 580, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7060580]
[10]
Xian-Jun Huang, Cheng Yang, Zhong-Hao Lu, and Pei-Guo Liu, "A novel frequency selective structure with quasi-elliptic bandpass response", IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1497-1500, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2012.2229256]
[11]
H.X. Xu, C. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Wang, S. Wang, G. Hu, S. Tang, Y. Huang, X. Ling, W. Huang, and C.W. Qiu, "Spin-encoded wavelength-space multitasking Janus metasurfaces", Adv. Opt. Mater., vol. 9, no. 11, p. 2100190, 2021.
[12]
A. Kapoor, R. Mishra, and P. Kumar, "Frequency selective surfaces as spatial filters: Fundamentals, analysis and applications", Alex. Eng. J., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 4263-4293, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.09.046]
[13]
M.N. Hussein, J. Zhou, Y. Huang, M. Kod, and A.P. Sohrab, "A miniaturized low-profile multilayer frequency-selective surface insensitive to surrounding dielectric materials", IEEE Transac. Microwave Theory Techniq., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 4851-4860, 2017.
[14]
A.H. Abdelrahman, A.Z. Elsherbeni, and F. Yang, "Transmission phase limit of multilayer frequency-selective surfaces for transmitarray designs", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 690-697, 2013.
[15]
P. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Hu, H. Zhou, Z. Yan, and J. Ai, "Ultra-wideband and low-loss linear-to-circular polarizer based on multilayer frequency selective surface", Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process., vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2021.
[16]
C. Antonopoulos, R. Cahill, E.A. Parker, and I.M. Sturland, "Multilayer frequency-selective surfaces for millimetre and submillimetre wave applications", IEE Proceed. Microwaves Antennas Propag., vol. 144, no. 6, pp. 415-420, 1997.
[17]
R. Anwar, L. Mao, and H. Ning, "Frequency selective surfaces: a review", Appl. Sci. (Basel), vol. 8, no. 9, p. 1689, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091689]
[18]
A. Kapoor, P. Kumar, and R. Mishra, "Analysis and design of a passive spatial filter for sub-6 GHz 5G communication systems", J. Comput. Electron., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1900-1915, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01742-3]
[19]
New Radio, Physical channels and modulation (Release 15), 2018.
[20]
A.A. Megahed, M. Abdelazim, E.H. Abdelhay, and H.Y.M. Soliman, "Sub-6 GHz highly isolated wideband MIMO antenna arrays", IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 19875-19889, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3150278]
[21]
J. Lee, E. Tejedor, K. Ranta-aho, H. Wang, K.T. Lee, E. Semaan, E. Mohyeldin, J. Song, C. Bergljung, and S. Jung, "Spectrum for 5G: Global status, challenges, and enabling technologies", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 12-18, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700818]
[22]
W. Hong, "Solving the 5G mobile antenna puzzle: Assessing future directions for the 5G mobileantenna paradigm shift", IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 86-102, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2017.2740538]
[23]
G. Naik, J. Liu, and J.M. Park, "Coexistence of wireless technologies in the 5 GHz bands: A survey of existing solutions and a roadmap for future research", IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1777-1798, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2815585]
[24]
S.K. Das, P. Mali, and V.N. Pattanaik, "Testing and validation challenges for enabling LTE/5G and Wi-Fi networks Coexistence", 2nd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT).
IEEE 2021 October, pp. 1-4, Bangalore, India. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GCAT52182.2021.9587823]
[25]
M. Khorshidi, G. Dadashzadeh, and S. Zafari, "Periodic metallic stepped slits for entire transmission of optical wave and efficient transmission of terahertz wave", J. Inst. Electron. Telecommun. Eng., vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 2096-2105, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2019.1689187]
[26]
N. Behdad, M. Al-Joumayly, and M. Salehi, "A low-profile third-order bandpass frequency selectivesurface", IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 460-466, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2008.2011202]
[27]
M. Hussein, J. Zhou, Y. Huang, and B. Al-Juboori, "A low-profile miniaturized second-order bandpass frequency selective surface", IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 16, p. 1, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2746266]
[28]
C. Wang, W. Zhuang, and W. Tang, "Novel three-dimensional frequency selective surface with incident angle and polarization independence", In 2015 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2015 November, pp. 1-3, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
[29]
Bo. Li, and Zhongxiang Shen, "Miniaturized bandstop frequency- selective structure using stepped-impedanceresonators", IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1112-1115, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2012.2219571]
[30]
B. Li, and Z. Shen, "Three-dimensional dual-polarized frequency selective structure with wide out-of-band rejection", IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 130-137, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2013.2287000]
[31]
M. Li, and N. Behdad, "Frequency selective surfaces for pulsed high-power microwave applications", IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 677-687, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2225133]
[32]
X. Zhou, K. Luo, B. Chen, and Y. Wang, "Simulation analysis of frequency selective surface with high power handling capability", In 2015 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM) IEEE. pp. 344-349, 2015 November, Hangzhou, China.
[33]
M. Harnois, M. Himdi, W.Y. Yong, S.K.A. Rahim, K. Tekkouk, and N. Cheval, "An Improved Fabrication Technique for the 3-D Frequency Selective Surface based on Water Transfer Printing Technology", Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1714, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58657-5] [PMID: 32015444]
[34]
B. Liang, and M. Bai, "Subwavelength three-dimensional frequency selective surface based on surface wave tunneling", Opt. Express, vol. 24, no. 13, pp. 14697-14702, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.014697] [PMID: 27410622]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
11
4
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy