Research Article

BMI与COVID-19严重程度有关吗?一项回顾性观察研究

卷 30, 期 39, 2023

发表于: 09 March, 2023

页: [4466 - 4478] 页: 13

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867330666230206095923

价格: $65

摘要

背景:冠状病毒-19病(COVID-19)是一种高发病率和死亡率的感染。肥胖和低身体质量指数(BMI)都与严重的COVID-19有关,但最近的研究未能证实这些关联。 目的:我们在罗马杰梅利基金会进行了一项单中心回顾性观察研究。我们招募了1544名(977名男性)患者,他们在2021年1月至12月期间因COVID-19检测呈阳性而就诊于急诊科。我们根据BMI将患者分为五类。收集了所有患者的人口学、临床、实验室和放射学数据。 方法:我们在罗马杰梅利基金会进行了一项单中心回顾性观察研究。我们招募了1544名(977名男性)患者,他们在2021年1月至12月期间因COVID-19检测呈阳性而就诊于急诊科。我们根据BMI将患者分为五类。收集了所有患者的人口学、临床、实验室和放射学数据。 结果:在1544例患者中,1297例住院后康复,247例(16%)死亡。在死亡者中,16/247(6.5%)的BMI低于18.5 kg/m2, 72/247(29%)的BMI在18.5至24.99 kg/m2之间,103/247(42%)的BMI在25至29.99 kg/m2之间,36/247(15%)的BMI在30至35 kg/m2之间,20/247(8%)的BMI高于35 kg/m2。在使用多变量logistic回归调整年龄、性别和伴发疾病的结果后,我们发现重度肥胖患者(BMI > 35)入住重症监护病房(ICU)的风险明显高于正常体重患者(BMI: 18.5-24.99) (p > 0.001)。死亡率与BMI无关。 结论:我们证实,严重肥胖是COVID-19患者入住ICU的危险因素。BMI和死亡率之间没有关联。

关键词: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2,危险因素,ICU,死亡率,肥胖,BMI。

[1]
Wang, L.S. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2020, 55(6), 105948.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948] [PMID: 32201353]
[2]
Möckel, M.; Corman, V.M.; Stegemann, M.S.; Hofmann, J.; Stein, A.; Jones, T.C.; Gastmeier, P.; Seybold, J.; Offermann, R.; Bachmann, U.; Lindner, T.; Bauer, W.; Drosten, C.; Rosen, A.; Somasundaram, R. SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid immunoassay for diagnosis of COVID-19 in the emergency department. Biomarkers, 2021, 26(3), 213-220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2021.1876769] [PMID: 33455451]
[3]
Tolia, V.; Chan, T.; Castillo, E. Preliminary results of initial testing for coronavirus (COVID-19) in the emergency department. West. J. Emerg. Med., 2020, 21(3), 503-506.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.3.47348] [PMID: 32223871]
[4]
Giwa, A.L.; Desai, A.; Duca, A. Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): An updated overview for emergency clinicians. Emerg. Med. Pract., 2020, 22(5), 1-28.
[PMID: 32207910]
[5]
Zhu, H.; Wei, L.; Niu, P. The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Glob. Health Res. Policy, 2020, 5(1), 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00135-6] [PMID: 32226823]
[6]
Ojetti, V.; Saviano, A.; Covino, M.; Acampora, N.; Troiani, E.; Franceschi, F.; Abbate, V.; Acampora, N.; Addolorato, G.; Agostini, F.; Ainora, M.E.; Akacha, K.; Amato, E.; Andreani, F.; Andriollo, G.; Annetta, M.G.; Annicchiarico, B.E.; Antonelli, M.; Antonucci, G.; Anzellotti, G.M.; Armuzzi, A.; Baldi, F.; Barattucci, I.; Barillaro, C.; Barone, F.; Bellantone, R.D.A.; Bellieni, A.; Bello, G.; Benicchi, A.; Benvenuto, F.; Berardini, L.; Berloco, F.; Bernabei, R.; Bianchi, A.; Biasucci, D.G.; Biasucci, L.M.; Bibbò, S.; Bini, A.; Bisanti, A.; Biscetti, F.; Bocci, M.G.; Bonadia, N.; Bongiovanni, F.; Borghetti, A.; Bosco, G.; Bosello, S.; Bove, V.; Bramato, G.; Brandi, V.; Bruni, T.; Bruno, C.; Bruno, D.; Bungaro, M.C.; Buonomo, A.; Burzo, L.; Calabrese, A.; Calvello, M.R.; Cambieri, A.; Cambise, C.; Cammà, G.; Candelli, M.; Canistro, G.; Cantanale, A.; Capalbo, G.; Capaldi, L.; Capone, E.; Capristo, E.; Carbone, L.; Cardone, S.; Carelli, S.; Carfì, A.; Carnicelli, A.; Caruso, C.; Casciaro, F.A.; Catalano, L.; Cauda, R.; Cecchini, A.L.; Cerrito, L.; Cesarano, M.; Chiarito, A.; Cianci, R.; Cicchinelli, S.; Ciccullo, A.; Cicetti, M.; Ciciarello, F.; Cingolani, A.; Cipriani, M.C.; Consalvo, M.L.; Coppola, G.; Corbo, G.M.; Corsello, A.; Costante, F.; Costanzi, M.; Covino, M.; Crupi, D.; Cutuli, S.L.; D’Addio, S.; D’Alessandro, A.; D’AlfonsoD’Angelo, M.E.E.; D’Aversa, F.; Damiano, F.; De Berardinis, G.M.; De Cunzo, T.; De Gaetano, D.K.; De Luca, G.; De Matteis, G.; De Pascale, G.; De Santis, P.; De Siena, M.; De Vito, F.; Del Gatto, V.; Del Giacomo, P.; Del Zompo, F.; Dell’Anna, A.M.; Polla, D.D.; Di Gialleonardo, L.; Di Giambenedetto, S.; Di Luca, R.; Di Maurizio, L.; Di Muro, M.; Dusina, A.; Eleuteri, D.; Esperide, A.; Fachechi, D.; Faliero, D.; Falsiroli, C.; Fantoni, M.; Fedele, A.; Feliciani, D.; Ferrante, C.; Ferrone, G.; Festa, R.; Fiore, M.C.; Flex, A.; Forte, E.; Franceschi, F.; Francesconi, A.; Franza, L.; Funaro, B.; Fuorlo, M.; Fusco, D.; Gabrielli, M.; Gaetani, E.; Galletta, C.; Gallo, A.; Gambassi, G.; Garcovich, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Gasparrini, I.; Gelli, S.; Giampietro, A.; Gigante, L.; Giuliano, G.; Giuliano, G.; Giupponi, B.; Gremese, E.; Grieco, D.L.; Guerrera, M.; Guglielmi, V.; Guidone, C.; Gullì, A.; Iaconelli, A.; Iafrati, A.; Ianiro, G.; Iaquinta, A.; Impagnatiello, M.; Inchingolo, R.; Intini, E.; Iorio, R.; Izzi, I.M.; Jovanovic, T.; Kadhim, C.; La Macchia, R.; La Milia, D.I.; Landi, F.; Landi, G.; Landi, R.; Landolfi, R.; Leo, M.; Leone, P.M.; Levantesi, L.; Liguori, A.; Liperoti, R.; Lizzio, M.M.; Monaco, M.R.L.; Locantore, P.; Lombardi, F.; Lombardi, G.; Lopetuso, L.; Loria, V.; Losito, A.R.; Lucia, M.B.P.; Macagno, F.; Macerola, N.; Maggi, G.; Maiuro, G.; Mancarella, F.; Mangiola, F.; Manno, A.; Marchesini, D.; Maresca, G.M.; Marrone, G.; Martis, I.; Martone, A.M.; Marzetti, E.; Mattana, C.; Matteo, M.V.; Maviglia, R.; Mazzarella, A.; Memoli, C.; Miele, L.; Migneco, A.; Mignini, I.; Milani, A.; Milardi, D.; Montalto, M.; Montemurro, G.; Monti, F.; Montini, L.; Morena, T.C.; Morra, V.; Morretta, C.; Moschese, D.; Murace, C.A.; Murdolo, M.; Murri, R.; Napoli, M.; Nardella, E.; Natalello, G.; Natalini, D.; Navarra, S.M.; Nesci, A.; Nicoletti, A.; Nicoletti, R.; Nicoletti, T.F.; Nicolò, R.; Nicolotti, N.; Nista, E.C.; Nuzzo, E.; Oggiano, M.; Ojetti, V.; Pagano, F.C.; Paiano, G.; Pais, C.; Pallavicini, F.; Palombo, A.; Paolillo, F.; Papa, A.; Papanice, D.; Papparella, L.G.; Paratore, M.; Parrinello, G.; Pasciuto, G.; Pasculli, P.; Pecorini, G.; Perniola, S.; Pero, E.; Petricca, L.; Petrucci, M.; Picarelli, C.; Piccioni, A.; Piccolo, A.; Piervincenzi, E.; Pignataro, G.; Pignataro, R.; Pintaudi, G.; Pisapia, L.; Pizzoferrato, M.; Pizzolante, F.; Pola, R.; Policola, C.; Pompili, M.; Pontecorvi, F.; Pontecorvi, V.; Ponziani, F.; Popolla, V.; Porceddu, E.; Porfidia, A.; Porro, L.M.; Potenza, A.; Pozzana, F.; Privitera, G.; Pugliese, D.; Pulcini, G.; Racco, S.; Raffaelli, F.; Ramunno, V.; Rapaccini, G.L.; Richeldi, L.; Rinninella, E.; Rocchi, S.; Romanò, B.; Romano, S.; Rosa, F.; Rossi, L.; Rossi, R.; Rossini, E.; Rota, E.; Rovedi, F.; Rubino, C.; Rumi, G.; Russo, A.; Sabia, L.; Salerno, A.; Salini, S.; Salvatore, L.; Samori, D.; Sandroni, C.; Sanguinetti, M.; Santarelli, L.; Santini, P.; Santolamazza, D.; Santoliquido, A.; Santopaolo, F.; Santoro, M.C.; Sardeo, F.; Sarnari, C.; Saviano, A.; Saviano, L.; Scaldaferri, F.; Scarascia, R.; Schepis, T.; Schiavello, F.; Scoppettuolo, G.; Sedda, D.; Sessa, F.; Sestito, L.; Settanni, C.; Siciliano, M.; Siciliano, V.; Sicuranza, R.; Simeoni, B.; Simonetti, J.; Smargiassi, A.; Soave, P.M.; Sonnino, C.; Staiti, D.; Stella, C.; Stella, L.; Stival, E.; Taddei, E.; Talerico, R.; Tamburello, E.; Tamburrini, E.; Tanzarella, E.S.; Tarascio, E.; Tarli, C.; Tersali, A.; Tilli, P.; Timpano, J.; Torelli, E.; Torrini, F.; Tosato, M.; Tosoni, A.; Tricoli, L.; Tritto, M.; Tumbarello, M.; Tummolo, A.M.; Vallecoccia, M.S.; Valletta, F.; Varone, F.; Vassalli, F.; Ventura, G.; Verardi, L.; Vetrone, L.; Vetrugno, G.; Visconti, E.; Visconti, F.; Viviani, A.; Zaccaria, R.; Zaccone, C.; Zelano, L.; Dal Verme, L.Z.; Zuccalà, G. COVID-19 and intestinal inflammation: Role of fecal calprotectin. Dig. Liver Dis., 2020, 52(11), 1231-1233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.09.015] [PMID: 33060042]
[7]
Hsu, L.Y.; Chia, P.Y.; Lim, J.F.Y. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Ann. Acad. Med. Singap., 2020, 49(3), 105-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202051] [PMID: 32200398]
[8]
Candelli, M.; Pignataro, G.; Torelli, E.; Gullì, A.; Nista, E.C.; Petrucci, M.; Saviano, A.; Marchesini, D.; Covino, M.; Ojetti, V.; Antonelli, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Franceschi, F. Effect of influenza vaccine on COVID-19 mortality: A retrospective study. Intern. Emerg. Med., 2021, 16(7), 1849-1855.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02702-2] [PMID: 33743150]
[9]
Yang, D.; Xiao, Y.; Chen, J.; Chen, Y.; Luo, P.; Liu, Q.; Yang, C.; Xiong, M.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Chen, H.; Deng, A.; Huang, K.; Cheng, B.; Peng, A. COVID-19 and chronic renal disease: Clinical characteristics and prognosis. QJM, 2020, 113(11), 799-805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa258] [PMID: 32840579]
[10]
Silverio, R.; Gonçalves, D.C.; Andrade, M.F.; Seelaender, M. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and nutritional status: The missing link? Adv. Nutr., 2021, 12(3), 682-692.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa125] [PMID: 32975565]
[11]
Candelli, M.; Pignataro, G.; Ferrigno, M.; Cicchinelli, S.; Torelli, E.; Gullì, A.; Sacco Fernandez, M.; Piccioni, A.; Ojetti, V.; Covino, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Antonelli, M.; Franceschi, F. Factors associated with ICU admission in patients with COVID-19: The GOL2DS score. Medicina, 2021, 57(12), 1356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121356] [PMID: 34946301]
[12]
Polverino, F.; Stern, D.A.; Ruocco, G.; Balestro, E.; Bassetti, M.; Candelli, M.; Cirillo, B.; Contoli, M.; Corsico, A.; D’Amico, F.; D’Elia, E.; Falco, G.; Gasparini, S.; Guerra, S.; Harari, S.; Kraft, M.; Mennella, L.; Papi, A.; Parrella, R.; Pelosi, P.; Poletti, V.; Polverino, M.; Tana, C.; Terribile, R.; Woods, J.C.; Di Marco, F.; Martinez, F.D. Comorbidities, cardiovascular therapies, and COVID-19 mortality: A Nationwide, Italian Observational Study (ItaliCO). Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2020, 7, 585866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.585866] [PMID: 33195473]
[13]
Covino, M.; Sandroni, C.; Santoro, M.; Sabia, L.; Simeoni, B.; Bocci, M.G.; Ojetti, V.; Candelli, M.; Antonelli, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Franceschi, F. Predicting intensive care unit admission and death for COVID-19 patients in the emergency department using early warning scores. Resuscitation, 2020, 156, 84-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.124] [PMID: 32918985]
[14]
Covino, M.; De Matteis, G.; Santoro, M.; Sabia, L.; Simeoni, B.; Candelli, M.; Ojetti, V.; Franceschi, F. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged ≥80 years. Geriatr. Gerontol. Int., 2020, 20(7), 704-708.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13960] [PMID: 32516861]
[15]
Candelli, M.; Pignataro, G.; Sacco Fernandez, M.; Cicchinelli, S.; Gullì, S.; Torelli, E.; Gabrielli, M.; Piccioni, A.; Covino, M.; Ojetti, V.; Antonelli, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Franceschi, F. A new simple score to predict mortality of COVID-19 in the emergency department. Signa Vitae, 2022, 18, 1022514.
[16]
Singhal, T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J. Pediatr., 2020, 87(4), 281-286.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6] [PMID: 32166607]
[17]
Kannan, S.; Shaik Syed Ali, P.; Sheeza, A.; Hemalatha, K. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2020, 24(4), 2006-2011.
[PMID: 32141569]
[18]
Childs, C.E.; Calder, P.C.; Miles, E.A. Diet and immune function. Nutrients, 2019, 11(8), 1933.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081933] [PMID: 31426423]
[19]
Calder, P.C.; Carr, A.C.; Gombart, A.F.; Eggersdorfer, M. Reply to “overstated claims of efficacy and safety. Comment on: Optimal nutritional status for a well-fImmune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181”. Nutrients, 2020, 12(9), 12092696.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092696] [PMID: 32899398]
[20]
Calder, P.; Carr, A.; Gombart, A.; Eggersdorfer, M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients, 2020, 12(4), 1181.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041181]
[21]
Calder, P.C. Feeding the immune system. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 2013, 72(3), 299-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665113001286] [PMID: 23688939]
[22]
Yang, J.; Tian, C.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, C.; Chi, H.; Li, J. Obesity aggravates COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Med. Virol., 2021, 93(5), 2662-2674.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26677] [PMID: 33200825]
[23]
Caussy, C.; Pattou, F.; Wallet, F.; Simon, C.; Chalopin, S.; Telliam, C.; Mathieu, D.; Subtil, F.; Frobert, E.; Alligier, M.; Delaunay, D.; Vanhems, P.; Laville, M.; Jourdain, M.; Disse, E. Prevalence of obesity among adult in patients with COVID-19 in France. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2020, 8(7), 562-564.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30160-1] [PMID: 32437642]
[24]
Caussy, C.; Wallet, F.; Laville, M.; Disse, E. Obesity is associated with severe forms of COVID-19. Obesity, 2020, 28(7), 1175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22842] [PMID: 32314861]
[25]
Simonnet, A.; Chetboun, M.; Poissy, J.; Raverdy, V.; Noulette, J.; Duhamel, A.; Labreuche, J.; Mathieu, D.; Pattou, F.; Jourdain, M.; Caizzo, R.; Caplan, M.; Cousin, N.; Duburcq, T.; Durand, A.; El kalioubie, A.; Favory, R.; Garcia, B.; Girardie, P.; Goutay, J.; Houard, M.; Jaillette, E.; Kostuj, N.; Ledoux, G.; Mathieu, D.; Moreau, A.S.; Niles, C.; Nseir, S.; Onimus, T.; Parmentier, E.; Préau, S.; Robriquet, L.; Rouze, A.; Six, S.; Verkindt, H. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity, 2020, 28(7), 1195-1199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22831] [PMID: 32271993]
[26]
Li, S.; Cao, Z.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, F.; Wang, Y. Metabolic healthy obesity, Vitamin D status, and risk of COVID-19. Aging Dis., 2021, 12(1), 61-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2020.1108] [PMID: 33532128]
[27]
Yu, W.; Rohli, K.E.; Yang, S.; Jia, P. Impact of obesity on COVID-19 patients. J. Diabetes Complications, 2021, 35(3), 107817.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107817] [PMID: 33358523]
[28]
Richardson, S.; Hirsch, J.S.; Narasimhan, M.; Crawford, J.M.; McGinn, T.; Davidson, K.W.; Barnaby, D.P.; Becker, L.B.; Chelico, J.D.; Cohen, S.L.; Cookingham, J.; Coppa, K.; Diefenbach, M.A.; Dominello, A.J.; Duer-Hefele, J.; Falzon, L.; Gitlin, J.; Hajizadeh, N.; Harvin, T.G.; Hirschwerk, D.A.; Kim, E.J.; Kozel, Z.M.; Marrast, L.M.; Mogavero, J.N.; Osorio, G.A.; Qiu, M.; Zanos, T.P. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA, 2020, 323(20), 2052-2059.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775] [PMID: 32320003]
[29]
Zhang, Y.; Somers, K.R.; Becari, C.; Polonis, K.; Pfeifer, M.A.; Allen, A.M.; Kellogg, T.A.; Covassin, N.; Singh, P. Comparative expression of renin-angiotensin pathway proteins in visceral versus subcutaneous fat. Front. Physiol., 2018, 9, 1370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01370] [PMID: 30364113]
[30]
Jayanama, K.; Srichatrapimuk, S.; Thammavaranucupt, K.; Kirdlarp, S.; Suppadungsuk, S.; Wongsinin, T.; Nanthatanti, N.; Phusanti, S.; Pitidhammabhorn, D.; Sungkanuparph, S. The association between body mass index and severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A cohort study. PLoS One, 2021, 16(2), e0247023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247023] [PMID: 33592042]
[31]
Kim, T.S.; Roslin, M.; Wang, J.J.; Kane, J.; Hirsch, J.S.; Kim, E.J. BMI as a risk factor for clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York. Obesity, 2021, 29(2), 279-284.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.23076] [PMID: 33128848]
[32]
Guglielmi, V.; Colangeli, L.; Scipione, V.; Ballacci, S.; Di Stefano, M.; Hauser, L.; Colella Bisogno, M.; D’Adamo, M.; Medda, E.; Sbraccia, P. Inflammation, underweight, malignancy and a marked catabolic state as predictors for worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe disease admitted to Internal Medicine Unit. PLoS One, 2022, 17(5), e0268432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268432] [PMID: 35584141]
[33]
Chalermsri, C.; Aekplakorn, W.; Srinonprasert, V. Body mass index combined with possible sarcopenia status is better than BMI or possible sarcopenia status alone for predicting all-cause mortality among asian community-dwelling older adults. Front. Nutr., 2022, 9, 881121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.881121] [PMID: 35845779]
[34]
Chowdhury, A.I.; Alam, M.R.; Rabbi, M.F.; Rahman, T.; Reza, S. Does higher body mass index increase COVID-19 severity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes. Med., 2021, 23, 100340.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100340] [PMID: 33875972]
[35]
Meydani, S.N.; Beck, M.A. The relationship of host nutritional status to immune function. Mol. Aspects Med., 2012, 33(1), 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.001] [PMID: 22196799]
[36]
Beck, M.; Handy, J.; Levander, O. Host nutritional status: The neglected virulence factor. Trends Microbiol., 2004, 12(9), 417-423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.07.007] [PMID: 15337163]
[37]
Gao, M.; Piernas, C.; Astbury, N.M.; Hippisley-Cox, J.; O’Rahilly, S.; Aveyard, P.; Jebb, S.A. Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: A prospective, community-based, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 2021, 9(6), 350-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00089-9] [PMID: 33932335]
[38]
Du, Y.; Lv, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhou, N.; Hong, X. Association of body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis. Metabolism, 2021, 117, 154373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154373] [PMID: 32949592]
[39]
Hendren, N.S.; de Lemos, J.A.; Ayers, C.; Das, S.R.; Rao, A.; Carter, S.; Rosenblatt, A.; Walchok, J.; Omar, W.; Khera, R.; Hegde, A.A.; Drazner, M.H.; Neeland, I.J.; Grodin, J.L. Association of body mass index and age with morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: results from the American heart association COVID-19 cardiovascular disease registry. Circulation, 2021, 143(2), 135-144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051936] [PMID: 33200947]
[40]
Ullah, W.; Roomi, S.; Nadeem, N.; Saeed, R.; Tariq, S.; Ellithi, M.; Haq, S.; Arslan, A.; Madara, J.; Boigon, M.; Haas, D.C.; Fischman, D.L. Impact of body mass index on COVID-19-related in-hospital outcomes and mortality. J. Clin. Med. Res., 2021, 13(4), 230-236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4239] [PMID: 34007361]
[41]
Deng, L.; Zhang, J.; Wang, M.; Chen, L. Obesity is associated with severe COVID-19 but not death: a dose−response meta-analysis. Epidemiol. Infect., 2021, 149, e144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820003179] [PMID: 33397542]
[42]
Weir, C.B.; Jan, A. BMI Classification Percentile and Cut Off Points. In: StatPearls; StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island, FL, 2022; pp. 1-10.
[43]
Mishra, P.; Pandey, C.; Singh, U.; Keshri, A.; Sabaretnam, M. Selection of appropriate statistical methods for data analysis. Ann. Card. Anaesth., 2019, 22(3), 297-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_248_18] [PMID: 31274493]
[44]
Mentella, M.C.; Scaldaferri, F.; Gasbarrini, A.; Miggiano, G.A.D. The role of nutrition in the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients, 2021, 13(4), 1093.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041093] [PMID: 33801645]
[45]
Soares, M.J.; Müller, M.J. Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2020, 74(6), 849.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0647-y] [PMID: 32518390]
[46]
Bold, J.; Harris, M.; Fellows, L.; Chouchane, M. Nutrition, the digestive system and immunity in COVID-19 infection. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench, 2020, 13(4), 331-340.
[PMID: 33244375]
[47]
Poly, T.N.; Islam, M.M.; Yang, H.C.; Lin, M.C.; Jian, W.S.; Hsu, M.H.; Jack Li, Y.C. Obesity and mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Med., 2021, 8, 620044.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.620044] [PMID: 33634150]
[48]
Cao, P.; Song, Y.; Zhuang, Z.; Ran, J.; Xu, L.; Geng, Y.; Han, L.; Zhao, S.; Qin, J.; He, D.; Wu, F.; Yang, L. Obesity and COVID-19 in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes, 2021, 70(5), 1061-1069.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db20-0671] [PMID: 33597204]
[49]
Bedock, D.; Bel Lassen, P.; Mathian, A.; Moreau, P.; Couffignal, J.; Ciangura, C.; Poitou-Bernert, C.; Jeannin, A.C.; Mosbah, H.; Fadlallah, J.; Amoura, Z.; Oppert, J.M.; Faucher, P. Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN, 2020, 40, 214-219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.018] [PMID: 33183539]
[50]
Austin, T.M.; Miller, B.E. BMI- and age-related associations with mortality from COVID-19. Anaesthesia, 2022, 77(1), 107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.15478] [PMID: 33840089]
[51]
Yu, Y.; Ye, J.; Chen, M.; Jiang, C.; Lin, W.; Lu, Y.; Ye, H.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liao, Q.; Zhang, D.; Li, D. Malnutrition prolongs the hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 infection: A clinical epidemiological analysis. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 2021, 25(3), 369-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1541-y] [PMID: 33575730]
[52]
Kaeuffer, C.; Le Hyaric, C.; Fabacher, T.; Mootien, J.; Dervieux, B.; Ruch, Y.; Hugerot, A.; Zhu, Y.J.; Pointurier, V.; Clere-Jehl, R.; Greigert, V.; Kassegne, L.; Lefebvre, N.; Gallais, F.; Meyer, N.; Hansmann, Y.; Hinschberger, O.; Danion, F. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe COVID-19: Prospective analysis of 1,045 hospitalised cases in North-Eastern France, March 2020. Euro Surveill., 2020, 25(48), 2000895.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.48.2000895] [PMID: 33272355]
[53]
Giri Ravindran, S.; Saha, D.; Iqbal, I.; Jhaveri, S.; Avanthika, C.; Naagendran, M.S.; Bethineedi, L.D.; Santhosh, T. The obesity paradox in chronic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cureus, 2022, 14(6), e25674.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25674] [PMID: 35812616]
[54]
Li, Y.; Li, C.; Wu, G.; Yang, W.; Wang, X.; Duan, L.; Niu, L.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, W.; Liu, J.; Hong, L.; Fan, D. The obesity paradox in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev., 2022, 80(7), 1755-1768.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuac005] [PMID: 35182150]
[55]
Goyal, P.; Ringel, J.B.; Rajan, M.; Choi, J.J.; Pinheiro, L.C.; Li, H.A.; Wehmeyer, G.T.; Alshak, M.N.; Jabri, A.; Schenck, E. J.; Chen, R.; Satlin, M.J.; Campion, T.R. Jr.; Nahid, M.; Plataki, M.; Hoffman, K.L.; Reshetnyak, E.; Hupert, N.; Horn, E.M.; Martinez, F.J.; Gulick, R.M.; Safford, M.M. Obesity and COVID-19 in New York City: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann. Intern. Med., 2020, 173, 855-858.
[56]
Kim, L.; Garg, S.; O’Halloran, A.; Whitaker, M.; Pham, H.; Anderson, E.J.; Armistead, I.; Bennett, N.M.; Billing, L.; Como-Sabetti, K.; Hill, M.; Kim, S.; Monroe, M.L.; Muse, A.; Reingold, A.L.; Schaffner, W.; Sutton, M.; Talbot, H.K.; Torres, S.M.; Yousey-Hindes, K.; Holstein, R.; Cummings, C.; Brammer, L.; Hall, A.J.; Fry, A.M.; Langley, G.E. Risk factors for intensive care unit admission and in-hospital mortality among hospitalized adults identified through the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalization surveillance network (COVID-NET). Clin. Infect. Dis., 2021, 72(9), e206-e214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1012] [PMID: 32674114]
[57]
Hibbert, K.; Rice, M.; Malhotra, A. Obesity and ARDS. Chest, 2012, 142(3), 785-790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-0117] [PMID: 22948584]
[58]
Wolf, M.; Alladina, J.; Navarrete-Welton, A.; Shoults, B.; Brait, K.; Ziehr, D.; Malhotra, A.; Hardin, C.C.; Hibbert, K.A. Obesity and critical illness in COVID-19: Respiratory pathophysiology. Obesity, 2021, 29(5), 870-878.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.23142] [PMID: 33533193]
[59]
De Jong, A.; Molinari, N.; Sebbane, M.; Prades, A.; Futier, E.; Jung, B.; Chanques, G.; Jaber, S. Feasibility and effectiveness of prone position in morbidly obese patients with ARDS: A case-control clinical study. Chest, 2013, 143(6), 1554-1561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-2115] [PMID: 23450309]
[60]
Drakos, P.; Volteas, P.; Naeem, Z.; Asencio, A.A.; Cleri, N.A.; Alkadaa, L.N.; Oganov, A.; Gammel, T.; Saadon, J.R.; Bannazadeh, M.; Tassiopoulos, A.K.; Mikell, C.B.; Rubano, J.; Pryor, A.; Spaniolas, K.; Mofakham, S. Aggressive anticoagulation may decrease mortality in obese critically ill COVID-19 patients. Obes. Surg., 2022, 32(2), 391-397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-021-05799-8] [PMID: 34816357]
[61]
Fernandez-Bustamante, A.; Repine, J.E. Adipose-lung cell crosstalk in the obesity-ARDS paradox. J. Pulm. Respir. Med., 2013, 3, 144.
[62]
Epicardial adipose tissue characteristics, obesity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2021, 31, 2156-2164.
[63]
Bunnell, K.M.; Thaweethai, T.; Buckless, C.; Shinnick, D.J.; Torriani, M.; Foulkes, A.S.; Bredella, M.A. Body composition predictors of outcome in patients with COVID-19. Int. J. Obes., 2021, 45(10), 2238-2243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00907-1] [PMID: 34244597]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy