Title:A Comprehensive Review of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pre-clinical Animal
Models in Addition to Herbal Treatment Options and Multi-modality
Imaging Strategies
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Author(s): Navneet Kaur, Rahul Kumar Sharma*, Ajay Singh Kushwah, Nisha Singh and Shilpa Thakur
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela,
Ropar, Punjab, India
Keywords:
Dilated cardiomyopathy, pathophysiology, heart failure, small animal models, cardioprotective herbal plants, diagnostic strategies.
Abstract: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is distinguished by ventricular chamber expansion, systolic
dysfunction, and normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and is mainly caused due to genetic
or environmental factors; however, its aetiology is undetermined in the majority of patients.
The focus of this work is on pathogenesis, small animal models, as well as the herbal medicinal approach,
and the most recent advances in imaging modalities for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Several small animal models have been proposed over the last few years to mimic various
pathomechanisms that contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical procedures, gene mutations,
and drug therapies are all characteristic features of these models. The pros and cons, including heart
failure stimulation of extensively established small animal models for dilated cardiomyopathy, are
illustrated, as these models tend to procure key insights and contribute to the development of innovative
treatment techniques for patients. Traditional medicinal plants used as treatment in these
models are also discussed, along with contemporary developments in herbal therapies. In the last
few decades, accurate diagnosis, proper recognition of the underlying disease, specific risk stratification,
and forecasting of clinical outcome, have indeed improved the health of DCM patients. Cardiac
magnetic resonance (CMR) is the bullion criterion for assessing ventricular volume and ejection
fraction in a reliable and consistent direction. Other technologies, like strain analysis and 3D
echocardiography, have enhanced this technique's predictive and therapeutic potential. Nuclear imaging
potentially helps doctors pinpoint the causative factors of left ventricular dysfunction, as with
cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis.