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摘要
反应性物质(RS)在不同的浓度和暴露时间的有氧和厌氧细胞中产生,这可能会根据细胞抗氧化潜力和防御装置触发不同的反应。研究检索使用美国国立卫生研究院国家医学图书馆的PubMed数据库进行。细胞 RS 包括活性氧 (ROS)、氮 (RNS)、脂质 (RLS) 和亲电物质,它们决定了细胞稳态或功能失调的生物分子。氧化还原信号传导的复杂性与产生的RS的多样性,目标生物分子与RS的反应性,可用的抵消过程的多样性以及暴露时间有关。有利于前者的促氧化剂/抗氧化剂平衡的持续扭曲被定义为氧化应激,其强度决定了(i)在pM至nM范围内的RS水平的基础无害不平衡(氧化良性应激),支持生理过程(例如,免疫功能,甲状腺功能,胰岛素作用)和通过氧化还原信号对外部干预的有益反应;或(ii)RS水平超过氧化良应激区的过度毒性扭曲(氧化窘迫),导致生物分子的非特异性氧化及其功能丧失,导致细胞死亡和相关病理状态。细胞氧化还原失衡是一种复杂的现象,其潜在机制开始被理解,尽管RS如何启动细胞信号传导是一个有争议的问题。这方面的知识将更好地了解RS如何触发疾病的发病机制和进展,并发现未来的治疗措施。 插
关键词: 氧化还原失衡,氧化应激,生理功能,抗氧化,氧化窘迫,反应性物质。
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