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Current Neuropharmacology

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ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

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Review Article

Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase

Author(s): Ai Sze Wee, Thao Dinh Nhu, Kooi Yeong Khaw*, Kim San Tang and Keng Yoon Yeong*

Volume 21, Issue 10, 2023

Published on: 14 November, 2022

Page: [2036 - 2048] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21999221111102343

Price: $65

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.

Keywords: Alpha-glucosidase, Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta-peptides, apolipoprotein E, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, tau proteins.

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