Title:Coexistence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
at Initial Diagnosis: A Case Report
Volume: 19
Author(s): Meng Meng Ke, Zhi Zhong Wang, Qin Wan and Zhi Jun Chen*
Affiliation:
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital,
Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
Keywords:
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, two malignancies, coexistence, bone marrow infiltration, PET/CT, a case report.
Abstract:
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia are both hematological malignancies
that rarely coexist at the time of initial diagnosis. We present a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and
acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed on the first admission.
Background: Lymphoma and leukemia, both malignant hematological cancers, are primarily different
diseases, with a majority of cases originating independently. The co-occurrence of lymphoma and leukemia
at the time of the first diagnosis is extremely rare, and few relevant reports exist in the medical
literature. We describe a case of a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia,
a very rare occurrence.
Case Report: A 57-year-old man complained of fatigue and neck tumors. A physical examination revealed
several enlarged superficial lymph nodes throughout the body. On admission, routine blood
tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and normal counts of white blood cells. Cytology of two
cervical lymph nodes indicated non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, 18F-PET/CT: multiple enlarged lymph
nodes with hypermetabolism, diffuse hypermetabolism of the bone marrow, suggesting lymphoma
infiltration in the bone marrow, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed acute myeloid leukemia. Ultimately,
the patient was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
Conclusion: Primary bilineage hematological malignancies are rare, and the mechanism underlying
their incidence is unknown. Infiltration of the bone marrow by lymphoma or leukemia can result in
diffuse hypermetabolism, mostly diagnosed via bone marrow biopsy.
