![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Purpose: Our primary objective in this study is to determine the relationship between serum iron (Fe3+) and thyroid functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Materials and Methods: Glucose metabolic parameters, trace elements, such as Fe3+, and thyroid functions for 1657 type 2 diabetic patients treated at the Shanghai Pudong Hospital's Department of Endocrinology from 2018 to 2021 were assessed.
Results: Variations in free thyroid hormones (FTH) and total thyroid hormones (TTH) were insignificant; however, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were markedly elevated in patients with positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or positive antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (p<0.05). Additionally, gender disparities affected FTH levels (p<0.05) but not TTH and TSH levels. The female gender was significantly negatively correlated with serum Fe levels (r=-0.381, p<0.05). Serum Fe3+ deficiency also had an effect on FT3 in both genders, FT4 and TT4 in males (p<0.05), but not TSH (p>0.05). The multilinear regression model showed that TT3 (β=0.702), eGFR (β=0.109), Fe3+ (β=0.003), female gender (β=-0.061), and age (β=-0.061) were the major determinants for FT3 change. Moreover, renal function, which was represented as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), had no effects on Fe3+ and TSH levels but on the levels of FTH and TTH (p<0.05). FT3/FT4 exhibited correlations with Fe3+ (r=0.252) and eGFR (r=0.285). Finally, changes in Fe3+ levels had no significant impact on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting C-peptide, HbA1c, and glycated albumin levels (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In addition to age, gender, and renal functions, serum Fe3+ levels in T2DM patients have a significant relationship with thyroid functions.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum iron, thyroid function, free thyroid hormones, total thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI60047] [PMID: 22945636]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118001192] [PMID: 30208979]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32594-0] [PMID: 33285139]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/105072502761016494]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119] [PMID: 34879977]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S349769] [PMID: 35309734]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-9028] [PMID: 19336687]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.834485] [PMID: 35242721]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.1835]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061755] [PMID: 34064075]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061769] [PMID: 32545596]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00553.x] [PMID: 7554786]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.8.1346] [PMID: 12145233]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13300-019-00700-4] [PMID: 31583645]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04029.x] [PMID: 21521298]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00163] [PMID: 30649221]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03348863] [PMID: 8320432]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.927440] [PMID: 33387440]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1083-6272]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.03.008] [PMID: 34140092]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1993324] [PMID: 34726096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acel.13260] [PMID: 33048427]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061864] [PMID: 32585827]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187153009789044392] [PMID: 19594417]
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)