Peculiarities of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects Produced by Nanoparticles of Molybdenum (VI) Oxide under Multiple Oral Exposure of Rats: Examination and Comparative Assessment

Title:Peculiarities of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects Produced by Nanoparticles of Molybdenum (VI) Oxide under Multiple Oral Exposure of Rats: Examination and Comparative Assessment

Volume: 10 Issue: 5

Author(s): Nina Vladimirovna Zaitseva, Marina Aleksandrovna Zemlyanova*, Mark Sergeevich Stepankov, Anna Mikhailovna Ignatova, Olga Vasilievna Pustovalova and Alyona Evgenievna Nikolaeva

Affiliation:

• Department of Biochemical and Cytogenetics Diagnostics, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, Russia
• Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia
• Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia

Keywords: Molybdenum (VI) oxide, nanoparticles, microparticles, oral exposure, toxicity, rats.

Abstract:

Introduction: Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO₃ NPs) are widely used in various economic activities. This creates elevated risks of exposure to this nanomaterial for workers and the population in general, and consequently, there can be an increased number of developing pathological changes caused by exposure to MoO₃ NPs.

Objective: The study aims to examine and comparatively assess peculiarities of bioaccumulation and toxic effects produced by MoO NPs under multiple oral introductions.

Methods: We evaluated the sizes of analyzed particles by scanning electronic microscopy; the specific surface area was calculated by the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Taylor; the total pore volume by Barrett, Joyner and Halenda. Rats were exposed as per the scheme introduced by Lim with colleagues. We examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, molybdenum concentrations, and pathomorphological changes in tissues of various organs 24 hours after the last exposure. The study involved a comparison with effects produced by MoO₃ microparticles.

Results: The tested MoO₃ sample was established to be a nanomaterial as per the whole set of its physical properties. 50% of animals in the exposed group died on the 16th day of the experiment after the total exposure dose of MoO₃ NPs reached 6500 mg/kg of body weight. Having analyzed blood plasma, we determined the following. There was a growth in the quantity of leukocytes and a share of segmented neutrophils and monocytes, which were 1.76-3.50 times higher than in the control group. Activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, alpha-amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and concentrations of urea, crude and direct bilirubin was higher by 1.61-22.86 times. Decrease in the number of platelets, plateletcrit, the relative number of lymphocytes, and the number and proportion of large platelets by 1.31-2.71 times. We detected elevated molybdenum concentrations in the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and blood under exposure to MoO₃ NPs, exceeding the control values by 12.10-361.75 times. Rats exposed to MoO₃ NPs had liver parenchymal steatosis, inflammatory changes, hemorrhagic infarctions, and hyperplasia in the lungs.

Conclusion: MoO₃ NPs are more able to bioaccumulate and produce toxic effects compared with their microdispersed analogue under multiple oral introductions into the body.

Cite this article as:

Zaitseva Vladimirovna Nina, Zemlyanova Aleksandrovna Marina*, Stepankov Sergeevich Mark, Ignatova Mikhailovna Anna, Pustovalova Vasilievna Olga and Nikolaeva Evgenievna Alyona, Peculiarities of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects Produced by Nanoparticles of Molybdenum (VI) Oxide under Multiple Oral Exposure of Rats: Examination and Comparative Assessment, Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 2022; 10 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738510666220902143057