Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pediatric Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3963
ISSN (Online): 1875-6336

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Mini-Review Article

Treatment Approaches for Swallowing Disorders in Children

Author(s): Miriam J. Cano-Larios, Miguel S. Gallardo-Luna, Erick M. Toro-Monjaraz*, Flora E. Zarate-Mondragón, Jose F. Cadena-León, Karen R. Ignorosa-Arellano, Ericka Montijo-Barrios, Roberto Cervantes-Bustamante and Jaime Ramirez-Mayans

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 09 September, 2022

Page: [223 - 233] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220822152843

Price: $65

Abstract

A swallowing disorder or dysphagia is defined as a disorder in the sequence of swallowing, during the oral or pharyngeal phase, which compromises the safety and/or efficiency of transit of the food bolus to the esophagus.

The evaluation of neurodevelopment, nutrition, and preventive medicine actions are as important as the clinical evaluation of dysphagia, so they must be included and systematized in all pediatric evaluations; This evaluation can be divided into different parts: bedside swallowing evaluation, instrumental swallowing evaluation, and additional studies.

The management of swallowing disorders requires a multidisciplinary team approach, depending on the child's age, cognitive and physical abilities, and the specific swallowing and feeding disorder, ensuring adequate and safe nutrition and improving the patient's quality of life.

Keywords: Deglutition disorders, swallowing disorder, dysphagia, feeding, suction, respiratory aspiration, enteral nutrition, feeding tube.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Prasse, J.E.; Kikano, G.E. An overview of pediatric dysphagia. Clin. Pediatr. (Phila.), 2009, 48(3), 247-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922808327323] [PMID: 19023104]
[2]
Bhattacharyya, N. The prevalence of pediatric voice and swallowing problems in the United States. Laryngoscope, 2015, 125(3), 746-750.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24931] [PMID: 25220824]
[3]
Speyer, R.; Cordier, R.; Kim, J.H.; Cocks, N.; Michou, E.; Wilkes-Gillan, S. Prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in cerebral palsy across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 2019, 61(11), 1249-1258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14316] [PMID: 31328797]
[4]
Arvedson, J.C. Swallowing and feeding in infants and young children. GI Motility online; , 2006. Available from. https://www.nature. com/gimo/contents/pt1/authors/gimo17.html
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gimo17]
[5]
Cuadros-Mendoza, C.A.; Vichido-Luna, M.A.; Montijo-Barrios, E.; Zárate-Mondragón, F.; Cadena-León, J.F.; Cervantes-Bustamante, R.; Toro-Monjáraz, E.; Ramírez-Mayans, J.A. Actualidades en alimentación complementaria. Acta Pediatr. Mex., 2017, 38(3), 182-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18233/APM38No3pp182-2011390]
[6]
Lau, C. Development of suck and swallow mechanisms in infants. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 2015, 66(5), 7-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381361] [PMID: 26226992]
[7]
Nazar, M.; Ortega, A.; Fuentealba, I. Evaluación y manejo integral de la disfagia orofaríngea/Oropharyngeal dysphagia: Assesment and management. Rev. Med. Clin. Las Condes, 2009, 20(4), 449-457.
[8]
Kedar, K.; Schroeder, J.W., Jr Pediatric dysphagia. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 2013, 60(4), 969-977.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2013.04.010] [PMID: 23905831]
[9]
Julina, O.; Chiou, E.H. Pediatric Dysphagia: Challenges and Controversies, 1st ed; Springer: Switzerland, 2018, pp. 59-61.
[10]
Bacco, J.L.; Araya, C.F.; Flores, G.E.; Peña, N. Feeding and swallowing disorders in children and young people with cerebral palsy: Multi-disciplinary approach. Rev. Med. Clin. Las Condes, 2014, 25(2), 330-342.
[11]
Sheppard, J.J.; Hochman, R.; Baer, C. The dysphagia disorder survey: Validation of an assessment for swallowing and feeding function in developmental disability. Res. Dev. Disabil., 2014, 35(5), 929-942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.017] [PMID: 24637033]
[12]
Benfer, K.A.; Weir, K.A.; Boyd, R.N. Clinimetrics of measures of oropharyngeal dysphagia for preschool children with cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental disabilities: A systematic review. Dev.Med. Child. Neurol.,, 2012, 54(9), 784-795.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04302.x.] [PMID: 22582745]
[13]
Ko, M.J.; Kang, M.J.; Ko, K.J.; Ki, Y.O.; Chang, H.J.; Kwon, J.Y. Clinical usefulness of schedule for oral-motor assessment (SOMA) in children with dysphagia. Ann. Rehabil. Med., 2011, 35(4), 477-484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.4.477] [PMID: 22506162]
[14]
Calvo, I.; Conway, A.; Henriques, F.; Walshe, M. Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical feeding evaluation in detecting aspiration in children: A systematic review. Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 2016, 58(6), 541-553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13058] [PMID: 26862075]
[15]
Duncan, D.R.; Mitchell, P.D.; Larson, K.; Rosen, R.L. Presenting signs and symptoms do not predict aspiration risk in children. J. Pediatr., 2018, 201, 141-146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.030] [PMID: 29960768]
[16]
Heckathorn, D.E.; Speyer, R.; Taylor, J.; Cordier, R. Systematic review: Non-instrumental swallowing and feeding assessments in pediat-rics. Dysphagia, 2016, 31(1), 1-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9667-5] [PMID: 26607159]
[17]
Arvedson, J.C.; Lefton-Greif, M.A. Instrumental assessment of pediatric dysphagia. Semin. Speech Lang., 2017, 38(2), 135-146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599111] [PMID: 28324903]
[18]
Dodrill, P.; Gosa, M.M. Pediatric Dysphagia: Physiology, Assessment, and Management. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 2015, 66(5), 24-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381372] [PMID: 26226994]
[19]
ASHA. American Speech Language Hearing Association., Video-Fluoroscopic SWALLOW Study (VFSS). Available from:. https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Pediatric-Dysphagia
[20]
Miller, D.L.; Schauer, D. The ALARA principle in medical imaging. AAPM Newsl., 2015, 40(1), 38-40.
[21]
Newman, R.D.; Nightingale, J.M. Videofluoroscopy: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach, 1st ed; Plural Publishing: San Diego, CA, USA, 2012, pp. 197-213.
[22]
Henderson, M.; Miles, A.; Holgate, V.; Peryman, S.; Allen, J. Application and verification of quantitative objective video fluoroscopic swallowing measures in a pediatric population with dysphagia. J. Pediatr., 2016, 178, 200-205.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.050] [PMID: 27568657]
[23]
Miller, C.K.; Willging, J.P. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in infants and children: Protocol, safety, and clinical efficacy: 25 years of experience. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 2020, 129(5), 469-481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419893720] [PMID: 31845586]
[24]
Cadavid, G.L.F.G.; Leaño, L.R.L.; Basantes, G.A.L.; Basantes, A.R.; Garcia, R.; Ovalle, S.; Garavito, J.E.A. Accuracy of endoscopic and videofluoroscopic evaluations of swallowing for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope, 2017, 127(9), 2002-2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.26419] [PMID: 27859291]
[25]
Fattori, B.; Giusti, P.; Mancini, V.; Grosso, M.; Barillari, M.R.; Bastiani, L.; Molinaro, S.; Nacci, A. Comparison between videofluorosco-py, fiberoptic endoscopy and scintigraphy for diagnosis of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital., 2016, 36(5), 395-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-829] [PMID: 27958600]
[26]
Cichero, J.A.; Steele, C.; Duivestein, J.; Clavé, P.; Chen, J.; Kayashita, J.; Dantas, R.; Lecko, C.; Speyer, R.; Lam, P.; Murray, J. The need for international terminology and definitions for texture-modified foods and thickened liquids used in dysphagia management: Founda-tions of a global initiative. Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep., 2013, 1(4), 280-291.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40141-013-0024-z] [PMID: 24392282]
[27]
Cichero, J.A.; Lam, P.; Steele, C.M.; Hanson, B.; Chen, J.; Dantas, R.O.; Duivestein, J.; Kayashita, J.; Lecko, C.; Murray, J.; Pillay, M.; Riquelme, L.; Stanschus, S. Development of international terminology and definitions for texture-modified foods and thickened fluids used in dysphagia management: The IDDSI Framework. Dysphagia, 2017, 32(2), 293-314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9758-y] [PMID: 27913916]
[28]
Su, M.; Zheng, G.; Chen, Y.; Xie, H.; Han, W.; Yang, Q.; Sun, J.; Lv, Z.; Chen, J. Clinical applications of IDDSI framework for texture recommendation for dysphagia patients. J. Texture Stud., 2018, 49(1), 2-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12306] [PMID: 29052849]
[29]
Re, G.L.; Vernuccio, F.; Di Vittorio, M.L.; Scopelliti, L.; Di Piazza, A.; Terranova, M.C.; Picone, D.; Tudisca, C.; Salerno, S. Swallowing evaluation with videofluoroscopy in the paediatric population. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital., 2019, 39(5), 279-288.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-1942] [PMID: 30933173]
[30]
Saad, M.; Afsah, O.; Baz, H.; El-Regal, M.E.; Abou-Elsaad, T. Clinical and videofluoroscopic evaluation of feeding and swallowing in infants with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol., 2021, 150, 110900.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110900] [PMID: 34461381]
[31]
Callahan, M.J.; Talmadge, J.M.; MacDougall, R.D.; Kleinman, P.L.; Taylor, G.A.; Buonomo, C. Selecting appropriate gastroenteric contrast media for diagnostic fluoroscopic imaging in infants and children: A practical approach. Pediatr. Radiol., 2017, 47(4), 372-381.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3709-5] [PMID: 27725991]
[32]
Goldenberg, R.F.; Kulkarni, K.S.; Carson, K.A.; Pinto, J.M.; Harris, B.M.; Greif, M.A.L. Concordance between aspiration detected on upper gastrointestinal series and videofluoroscopic swallow study in bottle-fed children. Dysphagia, 2016, 31(4), 505-510.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9705-y] [PMID: 27048206]
[33]
Tanaka, N; Nohara, K; Ueda, A; Katayama, T; Ushio, M; Fujii, N; Sakai, T Effect of aspiration on the lungs in children: a comparison using chest computed tomography findings. BMC Pediatr.,, 2019, 19(1), 162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1531-6.] [PMID: 31117982] [PMCID: PMC6529997]
[34]
Scheeren, B.; Gomes, E.; Alves, G.; Marchiori, E.; Hochhegger, B. Chest CT findings in patients with dysphagia and aspiration: A system-atic review. J. Bras. Pneumol., 2017, 43(4), 313-318.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562016000000273] [PMID: 28767772]
[35]
Abdelrahman, A.S.; Abdeldayem, E.H.; Bassiouny, S.; Elshoura, H.M. Role of ultrasound in evaluation of pharyngeal dysphagia in chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Egypt. J. Radiol. Nucl. Med., 2019, 50(1), 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43055-019-0014-y]
[36]
Rojas, R.; Sepulveda, J.; Casanova, M. Ultrasonido para la evaluación de la deglución: una revisión narrativa Ultrasound for swallowing assessment: Narrative review RESUMEN. Revis Chil Fonoaudiol, 2019, 18(1), 1-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-4692.2019.55327]
[37]
Allen, J.E.; Clunie, G.M.; Winiker, K. Ultrasound: An emerging modality for the dysphagia assessment toolkit? Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 2021, 29(3), 213-218.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000708] [PMID: 33741822]
[38]
Laube, B.L.; Katz, R.; Loughlin, G.M.; Pinto, J.M.; Lefton-Greif, M.A. Quantification of the source, amount and duration of aspiration in the lungs of infants using gamma scintigraphy. Paediatr. Respir. Rev., 2019, 32, 23-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2019.03.006] [PMID: 31005455]
[39]
Cuestas, G.; Rodríguez, V.; Bellia Munzón, P.; Bellia Munzón, G. Algorithm for the management of chronic pulmonary aspiration in pedi-atrics. Arch. Argent. Pediatr., 2019, 117(6), 412-420.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2019.412] [PMID: 31758892]
[40]
Tutor, J.D. Dysphagia and chronic pulmonary aspiration in children. Pediatr. Rev., 2020, 41(5), 236-244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0124] [PMID: 32358029]
[41]
Steele, C.M.; Cichero, J.A. Physiological factors related to aspiration risk: A systematic review. Dysphagia, 2014, 29(3), 295-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9516-y] [PMID: 24562507]
[42]
Ross, E.; Fuhrman, L. Supporting oral feeding skills through bottle selection. Perspect. Swalloging Disord., 2015, 24(2), 50-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd24.2.50]
[43]
Morgan, A.T.; Dodrill, P.; Ward, E.C. Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2012, 10, CD009456.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009456.pub2] [PMID: 23076958]
[44]
Barton, C.; Bickell, M.; Fucile, S. Pediatric oral motor feeding assessments: A systematic review. Phys. Occup. Ther. Pediatr., 2018, 38(2), 190-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2017.1290734] [PMID: 28430014]
[45]
Lawlor, C.M.; Choi, S. Diagnosis and management of pediatric dysphagia: A review. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 2020, 146(2), 183-191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.3622] [PMID: 31774493]
[46]
Tratamiento de disfagia con neuroestimulación. Rev. Mex. Med. Fis. Rehab., 2010, 22(4), 118-122.
[47]
Ysunza, P.A.; Repetto, G.M.; Pamplona, M.C.; Calderon, J.F.; Shaheen, K.; Chaiyasate, K.; Rontal, M. Current controversies in diagnosis and management of cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency. BioMed Res. Int., 2015, 2015, 196240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/196240] [PMID: 26273595]
[48]
Baca, R.T.; Cadena, G.M.M.; Chavez, M.G.F.; Gonzalez, J.G.E.; Acosta, B.V. Efficacy of rehabilitation exercises in swallowing disorders in the oral and pharyngeal phase. Rev. Sanid. Milit. Mex., 2019, 73(1), 17-21.
[49]
Almeida, M.B.M.; Júnior, S.C.G.; Silva, J.B.; Silva, D.A.; Moreira, M.E.L. Study on viscosity modification of human and formula milk for infants with dysphagia. Rev. CEFAC, 2017, 19(5), 683-688.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620171956017]
[50]
Duncan, D.R.; Larson, K.; Davidson, K.; May, K.; Rahbar, R.; Rosen, R.L. Feeding interventions are associated with improved outcomes in children with laryngeal penetration. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 2019, 68(2), 218-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002167] [PMID: 30320668]
[51]
Steele, C.M.; Alsanei, W.A.; Ayanikalath, S.; Barbon, C.E.; Chen, J.; Cichero, J.A.; Coutts, K.; Dantas, R.O.; Duivestein, J.; Giosa, L.; Han-son, B.; Lam, P.; Lecko, C.; Leigh, C.; Nagy, A.; Namasivayam, A.M.; Nascimento, W.V.; Odendaal, I.; Smith, C.H.; Wang, H. The influ-ence of food texture and liquid consistency modification on swallowing physiology and function: A systematic review. Dysphagia, 2015, 30(1), 2-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9578-x] [PMID: 25343878]
[52]
Brooks, L; Liao, J; Ford, J; Harmon, S; Breedveld, V Thickened liquids using pureed foods for children with dysphagia: IDDSI and rheology measurements. Dysphagia, 2022, 37(3), 578-590. Epub 2021 May 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-021-10308-1.] [PMID: 33954811]
[53]
Duncan, D.R.; Larson, K.; Rosen, R.L. Clinical aspects of thickeners for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep., 2019, 21(7), 30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0697-2] [PMID: 31098722]
[54]
Solano, P.A.; Cuadrado, V.C.; Beltrán, M.B. Interpretation limitations of the terminology used in the dietary approach to texture-modified diets. Nutr. Clín. Diet. Hosp., 2017, 37(2), 89-97.
[55]
Duffy, K.L. Dysphagia in Children. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care, 2018, 48(3), 71-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.01.003] [PMID: 29571543]
[56]
Romano, C.; van Wynckel, M.; Hulst, J.; Broekaert, I.; Bronsky, J.; Dall’Oglio, L.; Mis, N.F.; Hojsak, I.; Orel, R.; Papadopoulou, A.; Schaeppi, M.; Thapar, N.; Wilschanski, M.; Sullivan, P.; Gottrand, F. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with neurological im-pairment. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 2017, 65(2), 242-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001646] [PMID: 28737572]
[57]
Adams, R.C.; Elias, E.R.; Norwood, K.W., Jr; Adams, R.C.; Brei, T.; Burke, R.T.; Davis, B.E.; Friedman, S.L.; Houtrow, A.J.; Kuo, D.Z.; Levy, S.E.; Turchi, R.M.; Wiley, S.E.; Murphy, N.A.; Kalichman, M.A. Nonoral feeding for children and youth with developmental or ac-quired disabilities. Pediatrics, 2014, 134(6), e1745-e1762.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2829] [PMID: 25422022]
[58]
Alnassar, M.; Oudjhane, K.; Davila, J. Nasogastric tubes and videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in children. Pediatr. Radiol., 2011, 41(3), 317-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-010-1834-0] [PMID: 20922369]
[59]
McSweeney, M.E.; Meleedy-Rey, P.; Kerr, J.; Chan, Yuen J.; Fournier, G.; Norris, K.; Larson, K.; Rosen, R. A quality improvement initia-tive to reduce gastrostomy tube placement in aspirating patients. Pediatrics, 2020, 145(2), e20190325.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0325] [PMID: 31996405]
[60]
Chang, W.K.; Huang, H.H.; Lin, H.H.; Tsai, C.L. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding: Oropharyngeal dysphagia increases risk for pneumonia requiring hospital admission. Nutrients, 2019, 11(12), 2926.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122969] [PMID: 31817381]
[61]
Sandberg, F.; Viktorsdóttir, M.B.; Salö, M.; Stenström, P.; Arnbjörnsson, E. Comparison of major complications in children after laparos-copy-assisted gastrostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement: A meta-analysis. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 2018, 34(12), 1321-1327.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-018-4358-6] [PMID: 30291404]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
84
2
Wayfinder Image
World Prematurity Day
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy