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Current Psychopharmacology

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ISSN (Print): 2211-5560
ISSN (Online): 2211-5579

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Research Article

Cocaine Administration Protects Gut Mucosa Barrier and Reduces Plasma Level of TNF-α

Author(s): Xiaoyu Fu, Chuanxiu Bian, Anna Kruyer, Zejun Zhou, Zhenwu Luo, Azizul Haque, Amanda Wagner, Sylvia Fitting, Catrina Robinson, Aimee McRae-Clark, Davide Amato*, Wei Jiang* and Ren Lang

Volume 11, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 12 September, 2022

Article ID: e180822207620 Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2211556011666220818091709

Price: $65

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Abstract

Background: Cocaine affects not only the central nervous system but also systemic immunity. The role of cocaine in gut mucosal integrity is not fully understood.

Methods: Here we evaluated the effect of cocaine use on gut endothelial permeability and system inflammation in rats that self-administered cocaine or saline and humans using immunohistochemistry, qPCR, ELISA, and Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER).

Results: Cocaine administration maintained intact and undisturbed intestinal mucosal structures, increased tight junction claudin 1 and 2 mRNA expression, and decreased plasma TNF-α levels, compared to the control group, at the end of the study in rats. Further, cocaine treatment decreased gut endothelial permeability in a dose-dependent manner in human epithelial Caco-2 cells in vitro. Consistently, chronic cocaine users exhibited decreased plasma levels of TNF-α compared with non-drug users in vivo. However, plasma IL-6 levels were similar between cocaine use and control groups both in humans and rats in vivo.

Conclusion: Our results from both human and rat studies in vivo and in vitro suggest that cocaine use may exert a protective effect on the integrity of gut mucosa and suppresses plasma TNF-α levels. This study may provide information on some beneficial effects of cocaine use on gut endothelial cells integrity and systemic inflammation.

Keywords: Cocaine, gut, permeability, systemic, inflammation, tight junction.

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