Title:Current Overview on the Role of Nanoparticles in Water Desalination Technology
Volume: 18
Issue: 9
Author(s): Chitra Shivalingam, Laksita Mohan, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Sivaperumal Pitchiah, Ramya Ramadoss and Ashok K. Sundramoorthy*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Chennai-600 077, India
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute
of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600 077, India
Keywords:
Desalination, water, membrane, nanoparticles, osmosis, carbon particles.
Abstract:
Background: Nanoparticles based thin-film has remarkable challenges in water desalination.
Carbon allotropes (carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and fullerene), metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates
(titanium dioxide, silver, copper oxide, alumina, zinc oxide, and metal-organic framework, silica,
halloysite, zeolite, aquaporin and cellulose) are the out breaking materials for water desalination. Advanced
materials in membrane forms are impacting the desalination processes in terms of reverse osmosis,
forward osmosis, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and electrodialysis.
Objective: The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various
methods of water desalination and the role of nanoparticles in this regard.
Methods: We discussed the overall studies describing the process of desalination, viz. distillation, osmosis,
freeze-thaw desalination, electrodialysis, membranes, various types of nanoparticles used in desalination,
current techniques in desalination, membrane technology with Algae treatment, environmental issues
in desalination, future scopes and trials.
Conclusion: Various polymeric membranes with graphene/carbon derivatives and nano-particulate integrated
membranes are gaining enormous attention in the field of membrane technology for the desalination
process. Nanoparticulate impregnated, and natural algae conjugated polymeric membranes may provide
a plethora of possibilities for membrane filtration technology in the near future.