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Review Article

城市污水处理厂抗菌素耐药性和致病性监测的新一代测序

卷 30, 期 1, 2023

发表于: 26 September, 2022

页: [5 - 29] 页: 25

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867329666220802093415

价格: $65

摘要

世界卫生组织(WHO)将抗菌素耐药性(AMR)和各种病原体列为十大健康威胁之一。据估计，到2050年，每年由抗生素耐药性导致的人类死亡人数将达到1000万人。另一方面，在过去20年里，SARS、H1N1流感、埃博拉、寨卡热和COVID-19等几次传染病暴发严重影响了全球人口。这些最近的全球性疾病产生了监测病原体和抗微生物药物耐药性暴发的需要，以制定有效的公共卫生战略。本文综述了与污水处理厂(WWTP)相关的AMR和致病性，重点介绍了下一代测序(NGS)监测作为临床监测的补充系统。在这方面，污水处理厂可以从三个方面进行监测。首先，在入口(原废水或进水口)识别下水道网络服务的居民排泄物中含有的广泛的AMR和病原体，并具有特定的时空位置。其次，在出水方面，考虑到对废水安全回用日益增长的需求，确保消除处理水中的AMR和病原体。第三，在污水污泥或生物固体中，其有益利用或最终处置可能对公众健康构成重大风险。本文以NGS为基础，分两部分阐述了AMR和病原体监测在废水和污水处理厂中的重要性和意义。第一部分介绍了应用于WWTP的监测技术的基本原理(元基因组学、宏基因组学、功能宏基因组学、变质病毒组学和元转录组学)。分析了它们的范围和局限性，以显示微生物和qPCR技术如何补充NGS监测，克服其局限性。第二部分讨论了36篇NGS研究论文在污水处理厂监测方面的贡献，重点介绍了现状和前景。在这两个部分，提出了研究的挑战和机遇。

关键词: 抗生素耐药基因、生物固体、病原体、污水处理、废水监测、SARS CoV-2、下一代测序

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