Title:Recent Update on the Alzheimer's Disease Progression, Diagnosis and
Treatment Approaches
Volume: 23
Issue: 10
Author(s): Akanksha Malaiya, Mansha Singhai, Manisha Singh, Shiv Kumar Prajapati, Hira Choudhury, Mahak Fatima, Amit Alexander, Sunil Kumar Dubey, Khaled Greish and Prashant Kesharwani*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard 110062, New Delhi, India
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, neuroimaging, neurodegenerative, secretase enzyme, biomarker, amyloid precursor protein.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder,
manifested by the loss of memory and cognitive abilities, behavioral disturbance and progressive
impairment of activities of daily life. The sharp rise in the number of AD patients has brought it within
the top eight health issues in the world. It is associated with the distribution of misfolded aggregates
of protein within the brain. However, Alois Alzheimer initially mentioned that the reduction in
brain volume in AD might be associated with the “deposition of a special substance in the cortex”.
The resulting plaque found in extracellular space in the AD brain and hippocampus region, known as
senile plaques, is the characteristic feature underlying Alzheimer’s pathology, where the role of amyloid-
β (Aβ) peptide formation from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretase
enzyme is eminent. Therefore, this review has highlighted the molecular pathophysiology of AD
with a variety of available diagnostic and treatment strategies for the management of the disease, with
a focus on the advancement toward clinical research to provide new effective and safe tool in the
diagnosis, treatment or management of AD.