Title:Venomous Peptides as Cardiac Ion Channel’s Modulators
Volume: 2
Author(s): Sree Vandana Yerramsetty, Hitesh Chopra, Viajaya Nirmala Pangi, Veera Bramhachari Pallaval, Anitha Jaganathan, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Mohammad Amjad Kamal*Sunil Junapudi*
Affiliation:
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers
Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,
Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi
Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7Peterlee place, Hebersham NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Geethanjali College of Pharmacy, Cherryal, Keesara, Medchalmalkajgiri,
Telangana-501301, India
Keywords:
Venoms, peptides, cardiac diseases, ion channels, currents, voltage gated channels.
Abstract: Venoms from the deadliest animals, including spiders, scorpians, bees, and centipedes, are
composed of a complex mixture of various peptides developed to catch prey and defend other animals.
Venoms are composed of several bioactive molecules such as proteins and peptides that modify physiological
conditions in other organisms. These bioactive peptides penetrate tissues and blood vessels to
encounter numerous receptors and modulate ion channel their activities. Venoms are used to treat various
medical issues, including cardiovascular diseases. Venom peptides regulate several ion channel
behaviors, such as voltage-gated sodium (Nav), calcium (Cav) and potassium (Kv) channels, and are set
as a therapeutic approach. In this perspective, we emphasize the effect of isolated lethal venomous peptides
on cardiac ionic channels and their mechanisms of action for the cure. We also summarize the
highlights and molecular details of their toxin-receptor interactions and prospects to develop peptide
therapeutics for respective cardiac electrophysiological diseases.