Title:Diagnostic Dilemmas and Current Treatment Approaches in Latent Onset
Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Concise Review
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Author(s): Lakshmi Chandran, Ankul Singh S. and Chitra Vellapandian*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM Institute
of Science and Technology (SRMIST) (Formerly SRM University), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai -
603203, Tamilnadu, India
Keywords:
LADA, autoimmune disorder, C-peptide, biomarkers, autoantibodies LADA, autoantibodies.
Abstract:
Latent Onset Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is an autoimmune disorder between
T1DM and T2DM and is often misdiagnosed as T2DM due to its late-onset. The disease is
characterized by β-cell failure and slow progression to insulin dependence. Early diagnosis is significant
in limiting disease progression. C-peptide levels and autoantibodies against β-cells are the
most critical diagnostic biomarkers in LADA. The review aims to provide an overview of the biomarkers
used to diagnose LADA, and the following treatment approaches. We have summarized
LADA's pathophysiology and the autoantibodies involved in the condition, diagnostic approaches,
and challenges. There are clear shortcomings concerning the feasibility of autoantibody testing. Finally,
we have explored the treatment strategies involved in the management of LADA.
In conclusion, the usual management includes treatment with metformin and the addition of low
doses of insulin. Newer oral hypoglycaemic agents, such as GLP-1RA and DPP-4 inhibitors, have
been brought into use. Since the disease is not entirely understood at the research level and in clinical
practice, we hope to encourage further research in this field to assess its prevalence. Large randomized
controlled trials are required to compare the efficacy of different available treatment options.
