Title:Formaldehyde Levels in Fabrics on the Ghanaian Market
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Author(s): Patience Danquah Monnie*, Rachel Amanfu and Modesta Efua Gavor
Affiliation:
- Department of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Keywords:
Formaldehyde levels, fabrics, ghanaian market, washing, health problems, compliance, standard.
Abstract:
Background: Formaldehyde is a chemical used in several textile production processes,
such as hardening of fibers and antimold finishing. However, it has varying effects on humans,
such as irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, wheezing, chest pains and bronchitis. In the midst of
COVID-19, individuals are using various fabrics for face mask production, which may be containing
levels of formaldehyde that can negatively affect their health.
Methods: This study investigated formaldehyde levels in fabrics on the Ghanaian market to determine
compliance to standards set by the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) with the aid of experimental
procedures. Thirty-two (32) different brands of fabrics were selected for the investigation.
Formaldehyde levels were determined using a spectrophotometer (DR6000). Data were analyzed
using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for Windows version 22. The
mean performance attributes and the formaldehyde levels of the sampled fabrics were determined
before and after washing. Inferential statistics (Analysis of Variance and Paired Samples t-test) at
0.05 alpha levels were used to determine significant differences between and among the groups
involved.
Results: The fabric samples tested positive for formaldehyde before and after washing, with
some exceeding the standard limits set by the GSA before washing. Significant differences existed
between and among the samples with regard to formaldehyde levels as well as weight and
weave types of the samples and formaldehyde levels.
Conclusion: Washing significantly reduced the formaldehyde levels in the fabrics. It is recommended
that Ghana Standards Authority takes a further look at the fabrics on the Ghanaian market
to ensure manufacturers comply with set standards and consumers are also advised to wash their
clothes at least once before use to reduce the level of impact formaldehyde resin may have on them.
