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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Research Article

Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Author(s): Begoña M. Escribano*, Ana Muñoz-Jurado*, Evelio Luque, Cristina Conde*, Montse Feijóo, Manuel LaTorre, Manuel E. Valdelvira, Paula Buendía, Ana I. Giraldo, Javier Caballero-Villarraso, Abel Santamaría, Eduardo Agüera and Isaac Túnez*

Volume 21, Issue 8, 2022

Published on: 11 January, 2022

Page: [680 - 692] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211207101113

Price: $65

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of administration of casein and lactose on the oxidative damage and the clinical status caused by EAE and to verify whether both casein and lactose had any effect on the LPS and its transport protein -LBP-.

Methods: Twenty male Dark Agouti rats were divided into control rats (control), EAE rats, and EAE rats, to which casein and lactose, EAE+casein, and EAE+lactose, respectively, were administered. Fifty-one days after casein and lactose administration, the rats were sacrificed, and different organs were studied (brain, spinal cord, blood, heart, liver, kidney, small, and large intestine). In the latter, products derived from oxidative stress were studied (lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins) as well as the glutathione redox system, various inflammation factors (total nitrite, Nuclear Factor-kappa B p65, the Rat Tumour Necrosis Factor-α), and the LPS and LBP values.

Results and Conclusion: Casein and lactose administration improved the clinical aspect of the disease at the same time as reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, exerting its action on the glutathione redox system, or increasing GPx levels.

Keywords: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, casein, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, glutathione redox system, lactose, multiple sclerosis.

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