Title:Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage
and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Volume: 21
Issue: 8
Author(s): Begoña M. Escribano*, Ana Muñoz-Jurado*, Evelio Luque, Cristina Conde*, Montse Feijóo, Manuel LaTorre, Manuel E. Valdelvira, Paula Buendía, Ana I. Giraldo, Javier Caballero-Villarraso, Abel Santamaría, Eduardo Agüera and Isaac Túnez*
Affiliation:
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba,
Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba,
Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
- Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network
on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM) Ministery of Economy, Industry of Competitiveness, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Keywords:
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, casein, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, glutathione redox system, lactose, multiple sclerosis.
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in
rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and
oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of
MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present
in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties
and immunomodulatory effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of administration
of casein and lactose on the oxidative damage and the clinical status caused by EAE and to
verify whether both casein and lactose had any effect on the LPS and its transport protein -LBP-.
Methods: Twenty male Dark Agouti rats were divided into control rats (control), EAE rats, and
EAE rats, to which casein and lactose, EAE+casein, and EAE+lactose, respectively, were administered.
Fifty-one days after casein and lactose administration, the rats were sacrificed, and different
organs were studied (brain, spinal cord, blood, heart, liver, kidney, small, and large intestine). In
the latter, products derived from oxidative stress were studied (lipid peroxides and carbonylated
proteins) as well as the glutathione redox system, various inflammation factors (total nitrite, Nuclear
Factor-kappa B p65, the Rat Tumour Necrosis Factor-α), and the LPS and LBP values.
Results and Conclusion: Casein and lactose administration improved the clinical aspect of the disease
at the same time as reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, exerting its action on the glutathione
redox system, or increasing GPx levels.
