Title:In vivo Acute Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils: A Review
Volume: 22
Issue: 11
Author(s): Letícia Groli Lucca, Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão, Márcia Vignoli-Silva, Valdir F. da Veiga-Junior and Letícia S. Koester*
Affiliation:
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Keywords:
Plants, terpenes, acute inflammation, edema, pleurisy, peritonitis, air pouch, inflammatory mediators.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the search for new therapeutic strategies
for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this sense, natural products emerge as a potential
source for the discovery of new drugs, with the research of the pharmacological properties of these
products being very important. In addition to its function in plants (insect attraction and repellency),
essential oils present pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagenic, antiviral,
antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we describe
the mostly used in vivo acute inflammatory experimental models and the studies showing the in
vivo anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils. Essential oil from species from the Apiaceae, Asteraceae,
Burseraceae, Boraginaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae,
Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Verbenaceae and Zingiberaceae families were described as
being anti-inflammatory in vivo. Five models of acute inflammation are commonly used to investigate
the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo: ear and paw edema, pleurisy, peritonitis and the subcutaneous
air pouch model. In addition to in vivo analysis, ex vivo and in vitro experiments are carried out to
study the anti-inflammatory action of essential oils. The most commonly used model was paw edema,
especially due to this model being easy to perform. In order to suggest or elucidate the mechanisms
involved in the anti-inflammatory effect, many studies measured some inflammatory mediators, such
as cytokines, COX-2 expression and the levels of PGE2, and NO, or evaluated the effect of essential
oils or their major compounds on inflammation response directly induced by inflammatory mediators