Title:The Relation of the Viral Structure of SARS-CoV-2, High-Risk
Condition, and Plasma Levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 in COVID-19
Patients Compared to SARS and MERS Infections
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
关键词:
冠状病毒结构、SARS-CoV-2、免疫系统、白细胞介素、血浆、危险因素。
摘要:
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) has a high mortality rate due to widespread infection and strong immune system
reaction. Interleukins (ILs) are among the main immune factors contributing to the
deterioration of the immune response and the formation of cytokine storms in
coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections.
Introduction: This review article aimed at investigating the relationship between virus
structure, risk factors, and patient plasma interleukin levels in infections caused by the
coronavirus family.
Methods: The keywords "interleukin," "coronavirus structure," "plasma," and "risk
factors" were searched to find a relationship among different interleukins, coronavirus
structures, and risk factors in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases.
Results: Patients with high-risk conditions with independent panels of immune system
markers are more susceptible to death caused by SARS-CoV-2. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15
are probably secreted at different levels in patients with coronavirus infections despite
the similarity of inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV increase the
secretion of IL-4, while it remains unchanged in MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV
infection demonstrates increased IL-10 levels. Although IL-10 levels usually increase in
SARS-CoV infection, different levels are recorded in SARS-CoV-2, i.e., it increases in
some patients while it decreases in others. This difference may be due to factors such
as the patient's condition and the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV increases
IL-15 secretion while its levels remain unchanged in SARS-CoV-2. The levels of IL-15 in
patients with SARS-CoV have not been studied.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the different structures of SARS-CoV-2, such as length of
spike or nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and susceptibility of patients due to differences in
their risk factors, may lead to differences in immune marker secretion and pathogenicity.
Therefore, identifying and controlling interleukin levels can play a significant role in
managing the symptoms and developing individual-specific treatments.
