Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Women`s Health Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4048
ISSN (Online): 1875-6581

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Review of 11078 Pregnancies Reported in the Literature

Author(s): Fatemeh Azarkish and Roksana Janghorban*

Volume 18, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 12 January, 2022

Article ID: e080921196259 Pages: 24

DOI: 10.2174/1573404817666210908112042

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Background: Pregnant women are a vulnerable group in viral outbreaks, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this review was to identify maternal and neonatal outcomes in available articles on pregnancies affected by COVID-19.

Methods: The articles that had assessed outcomes of pregnancy and perinatal of women with COVID-19 between Oct 2019 and Aug 2020 without language limitation were considered. We searched databases, selected relevant studies and extracted data regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes from each article.

Results: Data of 11078 pregnant women with COVID-19 of 23 countries were assessed from 77 articles between December 8, 2019 and Aug 18, 2020. Most pregnant women reported in their third trimester, out of which 6229 (56.22%) cases were symptomatic at the time of admission. Common onset symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography pattern were cough (40.88%%), lymphocytopenia (43.38%), and multiple ground-glass opacities (4.42%), respectively. 51.37% of all deliveries were done through cesarean section. 158 maternal mortality and 4.2% ICU admission were reported. Vertical transmission was not reported, but its possibility was suggested in thirty-two neonates. Ten neonatal deaths, thirteen stillbirths, and nineteen abortions were reported. 60% of newborns were not breastfed.

Conclusion: This review showed fewer adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in comparison with previous coronavirus outbreak infection in pregnancy. Limited data are available regarding the possibility of virus transmission in utero, during vaginal childbirth and breastfeeding. The effect of COVID-19 on the first and second trimesters and ongoing pregnancy outcomes in infected mothers is still questionable.

Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus infections, pregnancy, maternal, neonate, perinatal.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
World Health Organization. Weekly operational update on COVID-19 2020. Available from:https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/wou-28-august-approved.pdf?sfvrsn=d9e49c20_2
[2]
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed 2020; 91(1): 157-60.
[PMID: 32191675]
[3]
Silasi M, Cardenas I, Kwon JY, Racicot K, Aldo P, Mor G. Viral infections during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 73(3): 199-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.12355] [PMID: 25582523]
[4]
Alserehi H, Wali G, Alshukairi A, Alraddadi B. Impact of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16: 105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1437-y] [PMID: 26936356]
[5]
Wong SF, Chow KM, Leung TN, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191(1): 292-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.11.019] [PMID: 15295381]
[6]
Creanga AA, Johnson TF, Graitcer SB, et al. Severity of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115(4): 717-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d57947] [PMID: 20308830]
[7]
Olgun NS. Viral Infections in Pregnancy: A Focus on Ebola Virus. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24(9): 993-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180130121946] [PMID: 29384053]
[8]
Honein MA. Recognizing the global impact of zika virus infection during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 2018; 378(11): 1055-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1801398] [PMID: 29539290]
[9]
Kourtis AP, Read JS, Jamieson DJ. Pregnancy and infection. N Engl J Med 2014; 370(23): 2211-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1213566] [PMID: 24897084]
[10]
Pazos M, Sperling RS, Moran TM, Kraus TA. The influence of pregnancy on systemic immunity. Immunol Res 2012; 54(1-3): 254-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8303-9] [PMID: 22447351]
[11]
Ostensen M, Villiger PM. Immunology of pregnancy-pregnancy as a remission inducing agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Transpl Immunol 2002; 9(2-4): 155-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-3274(02)00017-5] [PMID: 12180824]
[12]
van Well GTJ, Daalderop LA, Wolfs T, Kramer BW. Human perinatal immunity in physiological conditions and during infection. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40348-017-0070-1] [PMID: 28432664]
[13]
Rugeles MT, Shearer GM. Alloantigen recognition in utero: dual advantage for the fetus? Trends Immunol 2004; 25(7): 348-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2004.04.007] [PMID: 15207501]
[14]
Adkins B, Leclerc C, Marshall-Clarke S. Neonatal adaptive immunity comes of age. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4(7): 553-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1394] [PMID: 15229474]
[15]
Koga K, Cardenas I, Aldo P, et al. Activation of TLR3 in the trophoblast is associated with preterm delivery. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61(3): 196-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00682.x] [PMID: 19239422]
[16]
Cardenas I, Means RE, Aldo P, et al. Viral infection of the placenta leads to fetal inflammation and sensitization to bacterial products predisposing to preterm labor. J Immunol 2010; 185(2): 1248-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1000289] [PMID: 20554966]
[17]
Mor G, Cardenas I. The immune system in pregnancy: A unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63(6): 425-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x] [PMID: 20367629]
[18]
Liang Y, Wang ML, Chien CS, et al. Highlight of immune pathogenic response and hematopathologic effect in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 1022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01022] [PMID: 32574260]
[19]
Petrosillo N, Viceconte G, Ergonul O, et al. COVID-19, SARS and MERS: Are they closely related. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020. Available from:https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(20)30171-3/pdf
[20]
Liu D, Li L, Wu X, et al. Pregnancy and Perinatal outcomes of women with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: A preliminary analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215(1): 127-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23072] [PMID: 32186894]
[21]
Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, et al. Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26(6): 1335-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200287] [PMID: 32134381]
[22]
Chen Y, Peng H, Wang L, et al. Infants born to mothers with a new coronavirus (COVID-19). Front Pediatr 2020; 8: 104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00104] [PMID: 32266184]
[23]
Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; 395(10226): 809-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3] [PMID: 32151335]
[24]
Dong L, Tian J, He S, et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn. JAMA 2020; 323(18): 1846-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4621]
[25]
Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, et al. A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71(15): 844-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa200] [PMID: 32119083]
[26]
Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q. Coronavirus Disease Preprints 2019; 2020020373.
[27]
Zhang L, Jiang Y, Wei M, et al. Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55(3): 166-71.
[PMID: 32145714]
[28]
Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, Guo Y. Withdrawn: Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect 2020; S0163-4453(20): 30109-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028] [PMID: 32145216]
[29]
Chen S, Liao E, Cao D, Gao Y, Sun G, Shao Y. Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Med Virol 2020; 92(9): 1556-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25789] [PMID: 32222119]
[30]
Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, et al. Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20(5): 559-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30176-6]
[31]
Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9(1): 51-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06] [PMID: 32154135]
[32]
Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, et al. Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: Should we worry. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72(5): 862-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa226] [PMID: 32182347]
[33]
Wen R, Sun Y, Xing QS. A patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in Qingdao, China. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020; 53(3): 499-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.004] [PMID: 32198004]
[34]
Liu H, Liu F, Li J, Zhang T, Wang D, Lan W. Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. J Infect 2020; 80(5): e7-e13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.007] [PMID: 32171865]
[35]
Li N, Han L, Peng M, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: A case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71(16): 2035-41.
[36]
Nie R, Wang S, Yang Q, et al. Clinical features and the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019. MedRxiv 2020. Available from:https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041061v1.full.pdf
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041061]
[37]
Zhang Y, Chen R, Wang J, et al. Anaesthetic managment and clinical outcomes of parturients with COVID-19: A multicentre, retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study. MedRxiv 2020. Available from:https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042176v1
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042176]
[38]
Chen R, Zhang Y, Huang L, et al. Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: A case series of 17 patients. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67(6): 655-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01630-7] [PMID: 32180175]
[39]
Chen S, Huang B, Luo DJ, et al. Pregnant women with new coronavirus infection: A clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020; 49(0): E005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200225-00138] [PMID: 32114744]
[40]
Lee DH, Lee J, Kim E, Woo K, Park HY, An J. Emergency cesarean section performed in a patient with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 -a case report. Korean J Anesthesiol 2020; 73(4): 347-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.20116] [PMID: 32229802]
[41]
Xiong X, Wei H, Zhang Z, et al. Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020; 92(9): 1657-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25857] [PMID: 32275072]
[42]
GidlAf S, Savchenko J, Brune T, et al. COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99(7): 948-.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13862] [PMID: 32249924]
[43]
Zambrano LI, Fuentes-Barahona IC, Bejarano-Torres DA, et al. A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 36: 101639.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101639] [PMID: 32222420]
[44]
Breslin N, Baptiste C, Miller R, et al. COVID-19 in pregnancy: early lessons. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2(2): 100111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100111] [PMID: 32518902]
[45]
Iqbal SN, Overcash R, Mokhtari N, et al. An uncomplicated delivery in a patient with Covid-19 in the United States. New Engl J Med 2020; 382(16): e34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2007605] [PMID: 32237670]
[46]
Zeng H, Xu C, Fan J, et al. Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia. JAMA 2020; 323(18): 1848-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4861] [PMID: 32215589]
[47]
Baud D, Greub G, Favre G, et al. Second-trimester miscarriage in a pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA 2020; 323(21): 2198-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.7233] [PMID: 32352491]
[48]
Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, et al. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174(7): 722-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878] [PMID: 32215598]
[49]
Lei D, Wang C, Li C, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Analysis of nine cases. Chin J Perinat Med 2020; 12: 225-31.
[50]
Wu X, Sun R, Chen J, Xie Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150(1): 58-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13165] [PMID: 32270479]
[51]
Zhou R, Chen Y, Lin C, et al. Asymptomatic COVID-19 in pregnant woman with typical chest CT manifestation: A case report. Chin J Perinat Med 2020; 23 Available from: http://rs.yiigle.com/yufab iao/11871 85.htm
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn113903-20200220-00134]
[52]
Yao L, Wang J, Zhao J, et al. Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in pregnant woman in the third trimester: A case report. Chin J Perinat Med 2020; 23 Available from:http://rs.yiigle.com/yufab iao/11833 15.htm
[53]
Liao X, Yang H, Kong J, Yang H. Chest CT findings in a pregnant patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus disease. Balkan Med J 2020; 37(4): 226-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.3.89] [PMID: 32212578]
[54]
Shah Farhat A, Sayedi SJ, Akhlaghi F, et al. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Newborn. Int J Pediatr 2020; 8(6): 11513-7.
[55]
Karami P, Naghavi M, Feyzi A, et al. Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 101665.
[PMID: 32283217]
[56]
Ferrazzi EM, Frigerio L, Cetin I, et al. COVID-19 Obstetrics Task Force, Lombardy, Italy: Executive management summary and short report of outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 149(3): 377-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13162] [PMID: 32267531]
[57]
Khan S, Peng L, Siddique R, et al. Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 41(6): 748-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.84] [PMID: 32279693]
[58]
Update registration COVID-19 positive pregnant women in NethOSS, 2021. Available from: https://www.nvog.nl/actueel/registratie-van-covid-19-positieve-zwangeren-in-nethoss/
[59]
Kalafat E, Yaprak E, Cinar G, et al. Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 55(6): 835-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.22034] [PMID: 32249471]
[60]
Lokken EM, Walker CL, Delaney S, et al. Clinical characteristics of 46 pregnant women with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Washington State. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 23(6): 911.e1-911.e14.
[http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.031] [PMID: 32439389]
[61]
Juusela A, Nazir M, Gimovsky M. Two cases of coronavirus 2019-related cardiomyopathy in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2(2): 100113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100113] [PMID: 32363336]
[62]
London V, McLaren R Jr, Atallah F, et al. The relationship between status at presentation and outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37(10): 991-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712164] [PMID: 32428964]
[63]
Fox NS, Melka S. COVID-19 in pregnant women: case series from one large New York City obstetrical practice. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37(10): 1002-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712529] [PMID: 32438425]
[64]
Lucarelli E, Behn C, Lashley S, Smok D, Benito C, Oyelese Y. Mechanical ventilation in pregnancy due to COVID-19: A cohort of three cases. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37(10): 1066-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713664] [PMID: 32544963]
[65]
Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69(25): 769-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6925a1] [PMID: 32584795]
[66]
Hirshberg A, Kern-Goldberger AR, Levine LD, et al. Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A case series. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223(2): 286-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.029] [PMID: 32371056]
[67]
Knight M, Bunch K, Vousden N, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study. BMJ 2020; 369: m2107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2107] [PMID: 32513659]
[68]
Cooke WR, Billett A, Gleeson S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in very preterm pregnancy: Experiences from two cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 250: 259-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.025] [PMID: 32425297]
[69]
Soleimani Z, Soleimani A. ADRS due to COVID-19 in midterm pregnancy: successful management with plasma transfusion and corticosteroids. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1797669] [PMID: 32715804]
[70]
Zamaniyan M, Ebadi A, Aghajanpoor Mir S, et al. Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.5713] [PMID: 32304114]
[71]
Hantoushzadeh S, Shamshirsaz AA, Aleyasin A, et al. Maternal death due to COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223(1): 109.e1-109.e16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.030] [PMID: 32360108]
[72]
Savasi VM, Parisi F, PatanA" L, et al. Clinical findings and disease severity in hospitalized pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol 2020; 136(2): 252-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003979] [PMID: 32433453]
[73]
Martinelli I, Ferrazzi E, Ciavarella A, et al. Pulmonary embolism in a young pregnant woman with COVID-19. Thromb Res 2020; 191: 36-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.022] [PMID: 32371163]
[74]
Ferraiolo A, Barra F, Kratochwila C, et al. Report of positive placental swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in an asymptomatic pregnant woman with COVID-19. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56(6): 306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060306] [PMID: 32580461]
[75]
Salvatori G, De Rose DU, Concato C, et al. Managing COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads: An Italian Experrience. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15(5): 347-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0095] [PMID: 32311273]
[76]
Lowe B, Bopp B. COVID-19 vaginal delivery - A case report. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60(3): 465-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13173] [PMID: 32294229]
[77]
Kolkova Z, BjurstrAm MF, LAnsberg JK, et al. Obstetric and intensive-care strategies in a high-risk pregnancy with critical respiratory failure due to COVID-19: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2020; 27: e00240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00240] [PMID: 32714844]
[78]
Collin J, BystrAm E, Carnahan A, Ahrne M. Public Health Agency of Sweden's Brief Report: Pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in intensive care in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99(7): 819-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13901] [PMID: 32386441]
[79]
Pereira A, Cruz-Melguizo S, Adrien M, et al. Breastfeeding mothers with COVID-19 infection: A case series. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15(1): 69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-020-00314-8] [PMID: 32770999]
[80]
GonzA­lez Romero D, Ocampo PA(c)rez J, GonzA­lez Bautista L, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcome of a woman with COVID-19 infection. Rev Clin Esp 2020; 220(8): 533-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rceng.2020.04.005] [PMID: 32313302]
[81]
San-Juan R, Barbero P, FernA­ndez-Ruiz M, et al. Incidence and clinical profiles of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women: A single-centre cohort study from Spain. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 23: 100407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100407] [PMID: 32632417]
[82]
Alonso DA-az C, LA3pez Maestro M, Moral Pumarega MT, Flores AntA3n B, PallA­s Alonso C. First case of neonatal infection due to COVID-19 in Spain. Acta Paediatr 2020; 92(4): 237-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2020.03.002] [PMID: 32363217]
[83]
PolA3nia-Valente R, Moucho M, Tavares M, Vilan A, Montenegro N, Rodrigues T. Vaginal delivery in a woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 - The first case reported in Portugal. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 250: 253-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.007] [PMID: 32439245]
[84]
DA3ria M, Peixinho C, Laranjo M, Mesquita VarejAœo A, Silva PT. Covid-19 during pregnancy: A case series from an universally tested population from the north of Portugal. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 250: 261-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.029] [PMID: 32425298]
[85]
Cohen J, Vignaux O, Jacquemard F. Covid-19 in pregnant women: General data from a French National Survey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 251: 267-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.002] [PMID: 32540156]
[86]
Piersigilli F, Carkeek K, Hocq C, et al. COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4(6): 476-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30140-1] [PMID: 32386562]
[87]
Vlachodimitropoulou Koumoutsea E, Vivanti AJ, Shehata N, et al. COVID-19 and acute coagulopathy in pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18(7): 1648-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.14856] [PMID: 32302459]
[88]
Takemoto MLS, Menezes MO, Andreucci CB, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in obstetric patients with severe COVID-19 in Brazil: A surveillance database analysis. BJOG 2020. Available from:https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.16470
[89]
Nayak AH, Kapote DS, Fonseca M, et al. Impact of the Coronavirus infection in pregnancy: A preliminary study of 141 patients. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2020; 70(4): 256-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13224-020-01335-3] [PMID: 32760169]
[90]
AlZaghal LA, AlZaghal N, Alomari SO, Obeidat N, Obeidat B, Hayajneh WA. Multidisciplinary team management and cesarean delivery for a Jordanian woman infected with SARS-COV-2: A case report. Case Rep Womens Health 2020; 27: e00212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00212] [PMID: 32523874]
[91]
Husain Tarar S, Atta H, Khalid M, et al. A case report of pregnant lady having COVID-19 delivered via cesarean section in tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2020; 14(2): 1121-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.2.06]
[92]
Alzamora MC, Paredes T, Caceres D, Webb CM, Valdez LM, La Rosa M. Sever COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37(8): 861-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710050] [PMID: 32305046]
[93]
Forero-PeAña DA, RodrA-guez MI, Flora-Noda DM, et al. The first pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Venezuela: Pre-symptomatic transmission. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 36: 101805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101805] [PMID: 32593868]
[94]
Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223(1): 111.e1-111.e14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014] [PMID: 32335053]
[95]
Huang W, Zhao Z, He Z, et al. Unfavorable outcomes in pregnant patients with COVID-19. J Infect 2020; 81(2): e99-e101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.014] [PMID: 32417313]
[96]
An P, Wood BJ, Li W, Zhang M, Ye Y. Postpartum exacerbation of antenatal COVID-19 pneumonia in 3 women. CMAJ 2020; 192(22): E603-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200553] [PMID: 32376643]
[97]
Liu W, Wang J, Li W, Zhou Z, Liu S, Rong Z. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Front Med 2020; 14(2): 193-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y] [PMID: 32285380]
[98]
Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12(2): E194. [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 10].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020194] [PMID: 32050635]
[99]
Lam CM, Wong SF, Leung TN, et al. A case-controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG 2004; 111(8): 771-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00199.x] [PMID: 15270922]
[100]
Jeong SY, Sung SI, Sung JH, et al. MERS-CoV Infection in a Pregnant Woman in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32(10): 1717-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1717] [PMID: 28875620]
[101]
Assiri A, Abedi GR, Al Masri M, Bin Saeed A, Gerber SI, Watson JT. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection During Pregnancy: A Report of 5 Cases From Saudi Arabia. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63(7): 951-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw412] [PMID: 27358348]
[102]
Park MH, Kim HR, Choi DH, Sung JH, Kim JH. Emergency cesarean section in an epidemic of the middle east respiratory syndrome: A case report. Korean J Anesthesiol 2016; 69(3): 287-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2016.69.3.287] [PMID: 27274377]
[103]
Malik A, El Masry KM, Ravi M, Sayed F. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus during pregnancy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22(3): 515-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2203.151049] [PMID: 26890613]
[104]
Payne DC, Iblan I, Alqasrawi S, et al. Stillbirth during infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect Dis 2014; 209(12): 1870-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu068] [PMID: 24474813]
[105]
Rajgor DD, Lee MH, Archuleta S, Bagdasarian N, Quek SC. The many estimates of the COVID-19 case fatality rate. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20(7): 776-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30244-9] [PMID: 32224313]
[106]
Robertson CA, Lowther SA, Birch T, et al. SARS and pregnancy: A case report. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10(2): 345-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1002.030736] [PMID: 15030710]
[107]
Stockman LJ, Lowther SA, Coy K, Saw J, Parashar UD. SARS during pregnancy, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10(9): 1689-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1009.040244] [PMID: 15503406]
[108]
Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 7(1): e37-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30451-0] [PMID: 30389451]
[109]
Thanh BYL, Lumbiganon P, Pattanittum P, et al. Mode of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in preterm birth: A secondary analysis of the WHO Global and Multi-country Surveys. Sci Rep 2019; 9(1): 15556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52015-w] [PMID: 31664121]
[110]
Boelig RC, Manuck T, Oliver EA, et al. Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2(2): 100110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100110] [PMID: 32518901]
[111]
Deville JG, Song E, Quellette CP. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis in children. UpToDate 2020. Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-in-children?topicRef=127535source=see_link
[112]
Davis-Floyd R, Gutschow K, Schwartz DA. Pregnancy, Birth and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Med Anthropol 2020; 39(5): 413-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2020.1761804] [PMID: 32406755]
[113]
Lansbury L, Rodrigo C, Leonardi-Bee J, Nguyen-Van-Tam J, Lim WS. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2: CD010406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010406.pub3] [PMID: 30798570]
[114]
Delaney JW, Pinto R, Long J, et al. The influence of corticosteroid treatment on the outcome of influenza A(H1N1pdm09)-related critical illness. Crit Care 2016; 20: 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1230-8] [PMID: 27036638]
[115]
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(18): 1708-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] [PMID: 32109013]
[116]
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395(10229): 1054-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3] [PMID: 32171076]
[117]
Berghella V. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pregnancy issues. UpToDate 2020. Available from:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30566-3/fulltext
[118]
World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when noval coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance 2020. Available from:https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinicalmanagement-
[119]
Ng PC, So KW, Leung TF, et al. Infection control for SARS in a tertiary neonatal centre. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003; 88(5): F405-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.5.F405] [PMID: 12937045]
[120]
Ng PC, Leung CW, Chiu WK, Wong SF, Hon EK. SARS in newborns and children. Biol Neonate 2004; 85(4): 293-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000078174] [PMID: 15218286]
[121]
Shek CC, Ng PC, Fung GP, et al. Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Pediatrics 2003; 112(4): e254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.4.e254] [PMID: 14523207]
[122]
Li AM, Ng PC. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in neonates and children. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005; 90(6): F461-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.075309] [PMID: 16244207]
[123]
Kimberlin DW, Stagno S. Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Be Acquired In Utero?: More Definitive Evidence Is Needed. JAMA 2020; 323(18): 1788-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4868] [PMID: 32215579]
[124]
Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition). Ann Transl Med 2020; 8(3): 47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.02.20]
[125]
Zaigham M, Andersson O. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99(7): 823-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13867] [PMID: 32259279]
[126]
Parazzini F, Bortolus R, Mauri PA, Favilli A, Gerli S, Ferrazzi E. Delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2: A fast review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150(1): 41-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13166] [PMID: 32271947]
[127]
Mullins E, Evans D, Viner RM, O'Brien P, Morris E. Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 55(5): 586-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.22014] [PMID: 32180292]
[128]
Arabi S, Vaseghi G, Heidari Z, et al. 2020.Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxive 2020. Available from:https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.20053983v1
[129]
Elshafeey F, Magdi R, Hindi N, et al. A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150(1): 47-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13182] [PMID: 32330287]
[130]
Huntley BJF, Huntley ES, Di Mascio D, Chen T, Berghella V, Chauhan SP. Rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and vertical transmission in pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) infection: A systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 136(2): 303-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004010] [PMID: 32516273]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
37
1
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy