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Current Organocatalysis

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ISSN (Online): 2213-3380

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Opinion Article

Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-octahydro-xanthene and Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Derivatives Promoted by two Bis-imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids

Author(s): Maryam Shirzad, Mitra Nasiri, Nader Daneshvar, Farhad Shirini* and Hassan Tajik

Volume 9, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 26 July, 2021

Page: [102 - 116] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/2213337208666210726141934

Price: $65

Abstract

Aim and Objective: In this work, we have prepared two bis-dicationic ionic liquids with the same cationic core (Bis-imidazole) and different counter-anions using sulfuric acid and perchloric acids. After that, the efficiency and ability of these compounds as catalysts were investigated and compared with respect to the promotion of Knoevenagel condensation and synthesis of benzo[ b] pyran derivatives to see the effect of the anionic counter-part in the reaction.

Materials and Methods: In a 25 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), 1,3-- cyclo dicarbonyl (2.0 mmol), and the desired amount of the above-mentioned acidic ionic liquids was heated at 90°C in the absence of solvent (Reaction A). In a 25 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), 1,3-cyclo dicarbonyl (1.0 mmol), malononitrile, (1.1 mmol) and calculated amounts of the ionic liquid in water (3.0 mL) was heated at 80°C (Reaction B) for the appropriated time. After the completion of the reaction which was monitored by TLC of (n-hexane: EtOAc; 3:1). 10 mL of water was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. Then, the products were separated by filtration and washed several times with water, after drying, the pure products were obtained.

Results: Comparison of the obtained results from both the ionic liquids revealed that [H2- Bisim][HSO4]2, because of its more acidic structure, had shown a more catalytic activity in the preparation of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthene derivatives but [H2-Bisim][ClO4]2 was relatively more efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Because the stronger acidic nature of [H2-Bisim][HSO4]2 may prevent the simple activation of malononitrile in the reaction media.

Conclusion: In this study, we have introduced efficient methods for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro- xanthene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives in the presence of catalytic amounts of [H2-Bisim][ClO4]2 and [H2-Bisim][HSO4]2. These methods have several advantages such as ease of preparation and handling of the catalysts, high reaction rates, excellent yields, eco-friendly procedures, and simple work-up.

Keywords: Bronsted acidic ionic liquids, bis-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate, bis-imidazolium perchlorate, 1, 8-Dioxo-octyahdro- xanthenes, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans, bis-dicationic ionic liquids.

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