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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Review Article

Arterial Stiffness and Type 1 Diabetes: The Current State of Knowledge

Author(s): Michal Kulecki*, Aleksandra Uruska, Dariusz Naskret and Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2022

Published on: 14 June, 2021

Article ID: e140621194054 Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210614113827

Price: $65

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Abstract

The most common cause of mortality among people with type 1 diabetes is cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness allows predicting cardiovascular complications, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. There are different ways to measure arterial stiffness; the gold standard is pulse wave velocity. Arterial stiffness is increased in people with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. It increases with age and duration of type 1 diabetes. Arterial stiffness among people with type 1 diabetes positively correlates with systolic blood pressure, obesity, glycated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio. It has a negative correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein, and the absence of carotid plaques. The increased arterial stiffness could result from insulin resistance, collagen increase due to inadequate enzymatic glycation, and endothelial and autonomic dysfunction. The insulin-induced decrease in arterial stiffness is impaired in type 1 diabetes. There are not enough proofs to use pharmacotherapy in the prevention of arterial stiffness, but some of the medicaments got promising results in single studies, for example, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, statins, and SGLT2 inhibitors. The main strategy of prevention of arterial stiffness progression remains glycemic control and a healthy lifestyle.

Keywords: Arterial stiffness, type 1 diabetes, pulse wave velocity, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk.

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