![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a severe brain and spinal cord condition with a diverse autoimmune response and a wide variety of demyelination symptoms that primarily affect young adults. The primary reason for this disease is inflammation of white and grey matter caused by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which further damages the progenitor oligodendrocytes and appears to induce hypertrophy of the astrocytes and gliosis. Overexpression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway contributes directly to physiological and pathological results in motor neuron diseases. Cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and INF-ϒ use JAK/STAT signaling to trigger self-reactive CD4+ T-cells and differentiate them into Th1 phenotypes that overactivate immune reactions in the brain. Similarly, PPARγ plays a critical role in regulating the immune response by providing an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage and cytokine production activation. PPARγ also mediates the intrinsic molecular process of the T-cell, which selectively regulates the differentiation of Th17. Various studies indicate the neuroprotective function of PPARγ agonists by attenuating the JAK/STAT mediated activation of glial cells, inhibiting interleukin, and the differentiation of Th1 cells. Therefore, to maintain the brain's immune system, both PPARγ and JAK/STAT oppositely regulate each other. Dysregulation in JAK/STAT and PPARγ signaling contributes to several physiological changes leading to neurological disorders, including MS. Based on the above view, we have summarized the combined role of JAK/STAT-PPARγ signaling in MS and explored potential therapeutic strategies for disease improvement by the use of pathway modulators.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, JAK/STAT, PPARγ, demyelination, oligodendrocytes, immunity, cytokines, glial cells, interleukins.
Current Molecular Pharmacology
Title:Connection between JAK/STAT and PPARγ Signaling During the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Insights into the Modulation of T-Cells and Immune Responses in the Brain
Volume: 14
Author(s): Nitish Kumar, Nidhi Sharma and Sidharth Mehan*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab,India
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, JAK/STAT, PPARγ, demyelination, oligodendrocytes, immunity, cytokines, glial cells, interleukins.
Abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a severe brain and spinal cord condition with a diverse autoimmune response and a wide variety of demyelination symptoms that primarily affect young adults. The primary reason for this disease is inflammation of white and grey matter caused by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which further damages the progenitor oligodendrocytes and appears to induce hypertrophy of the astrocytes and gliosis. Overexpression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway contributes directly to physiological and pathological results in motor neuron diseases. Cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and INF-ϒ use JAK/STAT signaling to trigger self-reactive CD4+ T-cells and differentiate them into Th1 phenotypes that overactivate immune reactions in the brain. Similarly, PPARγ plays a critical role in regulating the immune response by providing an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage and cytokine production activation. PPARγ also mediates the intrinsic molecular process of the T-cell, which selectively regulates the differentiation of Th17. Various studies indicate the neuroprotective function of PPARγ agonists by attenuating the JAK/STAT mediated activation of glial cells, inhibiting interleukin, and the differentiation of Th1 cells. Therefore, to maintain the brain's immune system, both PPARγ and JAK/STAT oppositely regulate each other. Dysregulation in JAK/STAT and PPARγ signaling contributes to several physiological changes leading to neurological disorders, including MS. Based on the above view, we have summarized the combined role of JAK/STAT-PPARγ signaling in MS and explored potential therapeutic strategies for disease improvement by the use of pathway modulators.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kumar Nitish , Sharma Nidhi and Mehan Sidharth *, Connection between JAK/STAT and PPARγ Signaling During the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Insights into the Modulation of T-Cells and Immune Responses in the Brain, Current Molecular Pharmacology 2021; 14 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467214666210301121432
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467214666210301121432 |
Print ISSN 1874-4672 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1874-4702 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Disease
Head and neck diseases encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal passages, sinuses, salivary glands, and other structures of the head and neck region. These diseases can have significantly on essential function, such as breathing, swallowing, speaking, as well as the quality of life. ...read more
Common mechanisms underpinning neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric diseases
A growing number of large-scale epidemiologic studies has strongly suggested that common mechanisms may be shared by aberrant brain development and psychiatric disorders. There is now an appreciation of synergic roles of genetic variants and environmental stress which profoundly affect the genome integrity and reshape brain development. This can lead ...read more
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Plant Bioactive Compounds
The thematic issue "Pharmacology and Toxicology of Plant Bioactive Compounds" aims to explore the multifaceted aspects of bioactive compounds derived from plants, delving into their pharmacological properties and potential toxicological implications. This issue will encompass a wide array of research, including investigations into the therapeutic benefits of plant-derived compounds, such ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Fgf10: A Paracrine-Signaling Molecule in Development, Disease, and Regenerative Medicine
Current Molecular Medicine Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Cancer Preventive Phytochemicals as Speed Breakers in Inflammatory Signaling Involved in Aberrant COX-2 Expression
Current Cancer Drug Targets Signal Transduction and Photodynamic Therapy
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Phospholipase D Inhibition: Beneficial and Harmful Consequences for a Double-Dealer Enzyme
Current Enzyme Inhibition The Endeavours in RAS Inhibition - the Past, Present, and Future
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Members of CRF Family and their Receptors: From Past to Future
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell System in Health and Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Antiangiogenic Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structural Heterogeneity and Multifunctionality of Lactoferrin
Current Protein & Peptide Science Di / tri-Peptide Transporters as Drug Delivery Targets: Regulation of Transport Under Physiological and Patho-physiological Conditions
Current Drug Targets Novel Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: What we have Learned from Animal Studies
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Artepillin C Induces Selective Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Migration and Invasion in a Comprehensive Panel of Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Melatonin as Antioxidant Under Pathological Processes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Lipoxygenase (LOX) Pathway: A Promising Target to Combat Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selected Approaches for Rational Drug Design and High Throughput Screening to Identify Anti-Cancer Molecules
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Biologic Therapy in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Basic Science and Clinical Concepts
Current Drug Safety In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Novel Spray Dried Andrographolide Loaded Scleroglucan Based Formulation for Dry Powder Inhaler
Current Drug Delivery The Emerging Role of LncRNA FENDRR in Multiple Cancers: A Review
Current Molecular Medicine Endogenous Events Modulating Myogenic Regulation of Cerebrovascular Function
Current Vascular Pharmacology