Title:Comparison of Serum Choline and Trimethylamine N-oxide after Ingestion of Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline and Choline Salts
Volume: 2
Author(s): Greggory R. Davis, David Bellar*Randy L. Aldret
Affiliation:
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte,United States
Keywords:
trimethylamine N-oxide, bioavailability, choline bitartate, choline chloride, alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline, choline
alfoscerate.
Abstract:
Background: Choline supplements may provide potential improvements to health outcomes
and exercise performance, yet the bioavailability of choline supplements is poorly understood.
Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to examine the levels of serum Choline
and Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) after two doses of Alpha Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline (AGPC)
in comparison to common choline salts.
Methods: High-dose and low-dose A-GPC along with choline salt supplements were administered
to participants over the course of four weeks in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Serum levels
of choline and TMAO, the gut byproduct of choline, were examined acutely over the course of four
hours and again following one week and four weeks of supplementation.
Results: High-dose A-GPC and the choline chloride supplement yielded significantly higher choline
levels compared to low-dose A-GPC and choline bitartate (F=31.31, p<0.01) though the effect
of time was insignificant. TMAO levels were not significantly different between supplements
(F=1.96. p=0.1361) or across time (F=0.0795, p=0.7795).
Conclusion: A-GPC increases serum choline similar to that seen with high-dose choline chloride
ingestion without a concomitant increase in TMAO levels and therefore, may be a desirable option
as a dietary supplement.