Title:A Tour of Unsupervised Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis
Volume: 17
Author(s): Khalid Raza*Nripendra Kumar Singh
Affiliation:
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,India
Keywords:
Unsupervised learning, medical image analysis, autoencoders, restricted boltzmann machine, deep belief network,
MRI.
Abstract:
Background: Interpretation of medical images for the diagnosis and treatment of complex
diseases from high-dimensional and heterogeneous data remains a key challenge in transforming
healthcare. In the last few years, both supervised and unsupervised deep learning achieved
promising results in the area of medical image analysis. Several reviews on supervised deep learning
are published, but hardly any rigorous review on unsupervised deep learning for medical image
analysis is available.
Objective: The objective of this review is to systematically present various unsupervised deep learning
models, tools, and benchmark datasets applied to medical image analysis. Some of the discussed
models are autoencoders and their variants, Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), Deep
Belief Networks (DBN), Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM), and Generative Adversarial Network
(GAN). Future research opportunities and challenges of unsupervised deep learning techniques for
medical image analysis are also discussed.
Conclusion: Currently, interpretation of medical images for diagnostic purposes is usually performed
by human experts that may be replaced by computer-aided diagnosis due to advancement
in machine learning techniques, including deep learning, and the availability of cheap computing infrastructure
through cloud computing. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches
are widely applied in medical image analysis, each of them having certain pros and cons.
Since human supervisions are not always available or are inadequate or biased, therefore, unsupervised
learning algorithms give a big hope with lots of advantages for biomedical image analysis.