Title:Chemistry of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM): A Mini Review
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Author(s): Maithili P. Joshi, Ameya Chaudhari, Prashant S. Kharkar and Shreerang V. Joshi*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra,India
Keywords:
Iodinated contrast media, radiography, diagnostic procedures, Computed Tomography (CT), X-rays, anatomic
boundaries.
Abstract: Historically, the use of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) for diagnostic purposes, particularly
radiography and Computed Tomography (CT), is well-known. Many of the ICM are included in
the World Health Organization (WHO)’s List of Essential Medicines. Depending on the chemotype
and the presence of ionizable functional group(s), the ICM are categorized into the ionic/nonionic
monomers/dimers. The lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, viscosity and osmolality are major characteristics
dictating their use for one procedure versus the other. Over the last several decades, substantial
advancement has occurred in the design and development of novel ICM, solely to reduce their propensity
to cause adverse effects. Given the nature of their acute usage, some of the agents with appreciable
toxicity are still used. Understanding their chemistry aspects is crucial to appreciate,
acknowledge and justify the usage of these extremely important torch-bearers of the diagnostic
agent’s class. The present review article presents an in-depth overview of the synthetic methods, therapeutic
indications, potential adverse effects along with the commercial and environmental aspects of
ICM. The safety and tolerability of these agents is a field that has gained significant importance,
which is given due importance in the discussion.
