Title:Role of Forkhead Transcription Factors of the O Class (FoxO) in Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 19
Issue: 9
Author(s): Shikha Goswami, Ozaifa Kareem, Ramesh K. Goyal, Sayed M. Mumtaz, Rajiv K. Tonk, Rahul Gupta and Faheem H. Pottoo*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441,Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Alzheimer`s disease, neurological disorders, transcription factors, neurodegeneration, FoxO, biomarkers.
Abstract: In the Central Nervous System (CNS), a specific loss of focal neurons leads to mental
and neurological disorders like dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, etc. AD is a neurological degenerative disorder, which is progressive and irreversible
in nature and is the widely recognized reason for dementia in the geriatric populace. It affects 10%
of people above the age of 65 and is the fourth driving reason for death in the United States. Numerous
evidence suggests that the neuronal compartment is not the only genesis of AD, but transcription
factors also hold significant importance in the occurrence and advancement of the disease. It is
the need of the time to find the novel molecular targets and new techniques for treating or slowing
down the progression of neurological disorders, especially AD. In this article, we summarised a
conceivable association between transcriptional factors and their defensive measures against neurodegeneration
and AD. The mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the class O (FoxO) illustrate
one of the potential objectives for the development of new methodologies against AD and
other neurocognitive disorders. The presence of FoxO is easily noticeable in the “cognitive centers”
of the brain, specifically in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens. FoxO
proteins are the prominent and necessary factors in memory formation and cognitive functions.
FoxO also assumes a pertinent role in the protection of multiple cells in the brain by controlling the
involving mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis and also modulates the process of phosphorylation
of the targeted protein, thus FoxO must be a putative target in the mitigation of AD. This review
features the role of FoxO as an important biomarker and potential new targets for the treatment
of AD.
