Login Register Cart 0
Review Article

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)管理的现状和未来展望

卷 28, 期 2, 2021

发表于: 08 September, 2020

页: [284 - 307] 页: 24

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867327666200908113642

价格: $65

摘要

由于缺乏风险评估、快速传播能力和在共病条件下加速严重疾病的倾向，COVID-19大流行继续在全球范围内造成严重破坏。为了满足对预防和治疗措施的需求，制止正在发生的疫情，药物开发进程面临若干障碍，临床试验的复兴，包括疫苗、抗病毒药物、免疫调节剂、血浆疗法和传统药物。本综述概述了SARS-CoV-2感染概况、近期重大发现和正在进行的临床试验，涉及当前和未来的治疗干预措施，以管理正在推进的本世纪大流行。

关键词: COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2、细胞因子风暴、瑞德西韦、中药、恢复期血浆、疫苗。

« Previous Next »
[1]
World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) - events as they happen . https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen (Accessed date: Jul 2, 2020).
[2]
Jin, Y.; Yang, H.; Ji, W.; Wu, W.; Chen, S.; Zhang, W.; Duan, G. virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses, 2020, 12(4), 372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040372] [PMID: 32230900]
[3]
Guo, Y-R.; Cao, Q-D.; Hong, Z-S.; Tan, Y-Y.; Chen, S-D.; Jin, H-J.; Tan, K-S.; Wang, D-Y.; Yan, Y. The Origin, Transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak-an Update on the Status. Mil. Med. Res., 2020, 7(1), 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0] [PMID: 31928528]
[4]
Coutard, B.; Valle, C.; de Lamballerie, X.; Canard, B.; Seidah, N.G.; Decroly, E. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res., 2020, 176104742
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742] [PMID: 32057769]
[5]
Tang, X.; Wu, C.; Li, X.; Song, Y.; Yao, X.; Wu, X.; Duan, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Y.; Qian, Z. On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Natl. Sci. Rev., 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036]
[6]
Technical guidance. Avaialble at : . https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance(Accessed date: Jul 2, 2020)
[7]
Worldometer. Avaialble at : . https://www.worldometers. info/coronavirus/(Accessed date: Aug 11, 2020).
[8]
Huang, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Ren, L.; Zhao, J.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Fan, G.; Xu, J.; Gu, X.; Cheng, Z.; Yu, T.; Xia, J.; Wei, Y.; Wu, W.; Xie, X.; Yin, W.; Li, H.; Liu, M.; Xiao, Y.; Gao, H.; Guo, L.; Xie, J.; Wang, G.; Jiang, R.; Gao, Z.; Jin, Q.; Wang, J.; Cao, B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223), 497-506.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5] [PMID: 31986264]
[9]
Wang, D.; Hu, B.; Hu, C.; Zhu, F.; Liu, X.; Zhang, J.; Wang, B.; Xiang, H.; Cheng, Z.; Xiong, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Peng, Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, 323(11), 1061-1069.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585] [PMID: 32031570]
[10]
Guan, W.J.; Ni, Z.Y.; Hu, Y.; Liang, W.H.; Ou, C.Q.; He, J.X.; Liu, L.; Shan, H.; Lei, C.L.; Hui, D.S.C.; Du, B.; Li, L.J.; Zeng, G.; Yuen, K.Y.; Chen, R.C.; Tang, C.L.; Wang, T.; Chen, P.Y.; Xiang, J.; Li, S.Y.; Wang, J.L.; Liang, Z.J.; Peng, Y.X.; Wei, L.; Liu, Y.; Hu, Y.H.; Peng, P.; Wang, J.M.; Liu, J.Y.; Chen, Z.; Li, G.; Zheng, Z.J.; Qiu, S.Q.; Luo, J.; Ye, C.J.; Zhu, S.Y.; Zhong, N.S. China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382(18), 1708-1720.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] [PMID: 32109013]
[11]
Lundstrom, K. Coronavirus pandemic-therapy and vaccines. Biomedicines, 2020, 8(5), 109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050109] [PMID: 32375268]
[12]
Hasöksüz, M.; Kiliç, S.; Saraç, F. Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turk. J. Med. Sci., 2020, 50(SI-1), 549-556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-127] [PMID: 32293832]
[13]
Malik, Y.A. Properties of coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Malays. J. Pathol., 2020, 42(1), 3-11.
[PMID: 32342926]
[14]
Alanagreh, L.; Alzoughool, F.; Atoum, M. The human coronavirus disease COVID-19: Its origin, characteristics, and insights into potential drugs and its mechanisms. Pathogens, 2020, 9(5), 331.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050331] [PMID: 32365466]
[15]
Hamming, I.; Timens, W.; Bulthuis, M.L.C.; Lely, A.T.; Navis, G.; van Goor, H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J. Pathol., 2004, 203(2), 631-637.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1570] [PMID: 15141377]
[16]
Yu, F.; Du, L.; Ojcius, D. M.; Pan, C.; Jiang, S. Measures for diagnosing and treating infections by a novel coronavirus responsible for a pneumonia outbreak originating in Wuhan, China Microbes Infect. 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.01.003]
[17]
Belouzard, S.; Chu, V.C.; Whittaker, G.R. Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106(14), 5871-5876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809524106] [PMID: 19321428]
[18]
Ashour, H.M.; Elkhatib, W.F.; Rahman, M.M.; Elshabrawy, H.A. Insights into the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in light of past human coronavirus outbreaks. Pathogens, 2020, 9(3), 186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030186] [PMID: 32143502]
[19]
Ahn, D-G.; Shin, H-J.; Kim, M.H.; Lee, S.; Kim, H-S.; Myoung, J.; Kim, B-T.; Kim, S-J. Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2020, 30(3), 313-324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2003.03011] [PMID: 32238757]
[20]
Tay, M.Z.; Poh, C.M.; Rénia, L.; MacAry, P.A.; Ng, L.F.P. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2020, 20(6), 363-374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8] [PMID: 32346093]
[21]
Yang, M. Cell pyroptosis, a potential pathogenic mechanism of 2019-NCoV infection, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3527420]
[22]
Tian, S.; Hu, W.; Niu, L.; Liu, H.; Xu, H.; Xiao, S-Y. pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol., 2020, 15(5), 700-704.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.010] [PMID: 32114094]
[23]
Ruan, Q.; Yang, K.; Wang, W.; Jiang, L.; Song, J. clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med., 2020, 46, 846-848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x] [PMID: 32253449]
[24]
World Health Organization; Clinical management of COVID-19., Available at: . https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-covid-19 (Accessed date Jul 2, 2020.).
[25]
Worldometer Coronavirus Incubation Period (COVID-19).. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-incubation-period/(Accessed date Jul 2, 2020)
[26]
Kang, Y.; Xu, S. Comprehensive overview of COVID-19 based on current evidence. Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb.), 2020.e13525
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.13525] [PMID: 32378801]
[27]
Jin, Y-H.; Cai, L.; Cheng, Z-S.; Cheng, H.; Deng, T.; Fan, Y-P.; Fang, C.; Huang, D.; Huang, L-Q.; Huang, Q.; Han, Y.; Hu, B.; Hu, F.; Li, B.H.; Li, Y.R.; Liang, K.; Lin, L.K.; Luo, L.S.; Ma, J.; Ma, L.L.; Peng, Z.Y.; Pan, Y.B.; Pan, Z.Y.; Ren, X.Q.; Sun, H.M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.Y.; Weng, H.; Wei, C.J.; Wu, D.F.; Xia, J.; Xiong, Y.; Xu, H.B.; Yao, X.M.; Yuan, Y.F.; Ye, T.S.; Zhang, X.C.; Zhang, Y.W.; Zhang, Y.G.; Zhang, H.M.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, M.J.; Zi, H.; Zeng, X.T.; Wang, Y.Y.; Wang, X.H. for the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university novel coronavirus management and research team; evidence-based medicine chapter of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM). A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil. Med. Res., 2020, 7(1), 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6] [PMID: 32029004]
[28]
Li, H.; Liu, Z.; Ge, J. Scientific research progress of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 in the first five months. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020, 24(12), 6558-6570.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.15364] [PMID: 32320516]
[29]
Epidemiology, C.P.E.R. Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese center for disease control and prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2020, 41(2), 145-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003] [PMID: 32064853]
[30]
Zhao, J.; Yang, Y.; Huang, H.-P.; Li, D.; Gu, D.-F.; Lu, X.-F.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, L.; Liu, T.; Liu, Y.-K. Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility medRxiv, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096]
[31]
Chen, N.; Zhou, M.; Dong, X.; Qu, J.; Gong, F.; Han, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, Y.; Wei, Y.; Xia, J.; Yu, T.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223), 507-513.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7] [PMID: 32007143]
[32]
National Institutes of Health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); Treatment Guidelines, 2020.
[33]
Zhou, F.; Yu, T.; Du, R.; Fan, G.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Y.; Song, B.; Gu, X.; Guan, L.; Wei, Y.; Li, H.; Wu, X.; Xu, J.; Tu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, H.; Cao, B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 2020, 395(10229), 1054-1062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3] [PMID: 32171076]
[34]
Wang, M.; Wu, Q.; Xu, W.; Qiao, B.; Wang, J.; Zheng, H.; Jiang, S.; Mei, J.; Wu, Z.; Deng, Y. Clinical diagnosis of 8274 samples with 2019-Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan medRxiv. 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022327]
[35]
Helmy, Y.A.; Fawzy, M.; Elaswad, A.; Sobieh, A.; Kenney, S.P.; Shehata, A.A. The COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control. J. Clin. Med., 2020, 9(4), 1225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041225] [PMID: 32344679]
[36]
Chan, J.F-W.; Kok, K-H.; Zhu, Z.; Chu, H.; To, K.K-W.; Yuan, S.; Yuen, K-Y. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg. Microbes Infect., 2020, 9(1), 221-236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902] [PMID: 31987001]
[37]
World Health Organization; Laboratory Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Suspected Human Cases. Interim Guidance March 2020., 2020, Available at:; https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/31329/WHO-COVID-19-laboratory-2020.4-eng.pdf (Accessed date: July, 2020).2, 2020.[Available at.
[38]
Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Emergency Use Authorizations; FDA, 2020.
[39]
Ozma, M.A.; Maroufi, P.; Khodadadi, E.; Köse, Ş.; Esposito, I.; Ganbarov, K.; Dao, S.; Esposito, S.; Dal, T. Zeinalzadeh, E.; Kafil, H.S. Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) during the outbreak period. Infez. Med., 2020, 28(2), 153-165.
[PMID: 32275257]
[40]
Center for Devices and Radiological Health. EUA Authorized Serology Test Performance; FDA, 2020.
[41]
Yang, W.; Yan, F. Patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and Normal Chest CT. Radiology, 2020, 295(2), E3-E3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200702] [PMID: 32142398]
[42]
Udugama, B.; Kadhiresan, P.; Kozlowski, H.N.; Malekjahani, A.; Osborne, M.; Li, V.Y.C.; Chen, H.; Mubareka, S.; Gubbay, J.B.; Chan, W.C.W. Diagnosing COVID-19: the disease and tools for detection. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(4), 3822-3835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02624] [PMID: 32223179]
[43]
Alhazzani, W.; Møller, M.H.; Arabi, Y.M.; Loeb, M.; Gong, M.N.; Fan, E.; Oczkowski, S.; Levy, M.M.; Derde, L.; Dzierba, A.; Du, B.; Aboodi, M.; Wunsch, H.; Cecconi, M.; Koh, Y.; Chertow, D.S.; Maitland, K.; Alshamsi, F.; Belley-Cote, E.; Greco, M.; Laundy, M.; Morgan, J.S.; Kesecioglu, J.; McGeer, A.; Mermel, L.; Mammen, M.J.; Alexander, P.E.; Arrington, A.; Centofanti, J.E.; Citerio, G.; Baw, B.; Memish, Z.A.; Hammond, N.; Hayden, F.G.; Evans, L.; Rhodes, A. Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med., 2020, 46(5), 854-887.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5] [PMID: 32222812]
[44]
Rosales-Mendoza, S.; Márquez-Escobar, V.A.; González-Ortega, O.; Nieto-Gómez, R.; Arévalo-Villalobos, J.I. What does plant-based vaccine technology offer to the fight against COVID-19? Vaccines (Basel), 2020, 8(2), 183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020183] [PMID: 32295153]
[45]
Zhang, J.; Zeng, H.; Gu, J.; Li, H.; Zheng, L.; Zou, Q. Progress and prospects on vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel), 2020, 8(2), 153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020153] [PMID: 32235387]
[46]
Chen, W-H.; Strych, U.; Hotez, P.J.; Bottazzi, M.E. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview. Curr. Trop. Med. Rep., 2020, 3, 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00201-6] [PMID: 32219057]
[47]
WHO; Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines., Available at:. https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines (Accessed date: Aug 11,2020.
[48]
Hodgson, J. The pandemic pipeline. Nat. Biotechnol., 2020, 38(5), 523-532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41587-020-00005-z] [PMID: 32203293]
[49]
Zhang, J.; Xie, B.; Hashimoto, K. Current status of potential therapeutic candidates for the COVID-19 crisis. Brain Behav. Immun., 2020, 87, 59-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.046] [PMID: 32334062]
[50]
Moderna, Inc. Moderna announces positive interim phase 1 data for its mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273) against novel coronavirus. Available at: . https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine/(Accessed date: Jun 3,2020.
[51]
Astrazeneca. AstraZeneca advances response to global COVID-19 challenge as it receives first commitments for Oxford’s potential new vaccine . https://www.astrazeneca. com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazeneca-advances-response-to-global-covid-19-challenge-as-it-receives-first-commitments-for-oxfords-potential-new-vaccine.html(Accessed date: Jun 3, 2020).
[52]
Tu, Y-F.; Chien, C-S.; Yarmishyn, A.A.; Lin, Y-Y.; Luo, Y-H.; Lin, Y-T.; Lai, W-Y.; Yang, D-M.; Chou, S-J.; Yang, Y-P.; Wang, M.L.; Chiou, S.H. A review of SARS-CoV-2 and the ongoing clinical trials. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, 21(7), 2657.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072657] [PMID: 32290293]
[53]
bioworld. China approves first homegrown COVID-19 vaccine to enter clinical trials . https://www.bioworld.com/articles/433791-china-approves-first-homegrown-covid-19-vaccine-to-enter-clinical-trials (Accessed date: Jun 3, 2020).
[54]
Zhu, F-C.; Li, Y-H.; Guan, X-H.; Hou, L-H.; Wang, W-J.; Li, J-X.; Wu, S-P.; Wang, B-S.; Wang, Z.; Wang, L.; Jia, S.Y.; Jiang, H.D.; Wang, L.; Jiang, T.; Hu, Y.; Gou, J.B.; Xu, S.B.; Xu, J.J.; Wang, X.W.; Wang, W.; Chen, W. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial. Lancet, 2020, 395(10240), 1845-1854.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31208-3] [PMID: 32450106]
[55]
Lee, N.; McGeer, A. The starting line for COVID-19 vaccine development. Lancet, 2020, 395(10240), 1815-1816.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31239-3] [PMID: 32473680]
[56]
McKee, D.L.; Sternberg, A.; Stange, U.; Laufer, S.; Naujokat, C. Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Pharmacol. Res., 2020, •••157104859
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104859] [PMID: 32360480]
[57]
McCreary, E.K.; Pogue, J.M. Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment: a review of early and emerging options. Open Forum Infect. Dis.; 2020, 7(4) ofaa105.
[http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa105] [PMID: 32284951]
[58]
Wang, M.; Cao, R.; Zhang, L.; Yang, X.; Liu, J.; Xu, M.; Shi, Z.; Hu, Z.; Zhong, W.; Xiao, G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res., 2020, 30(3), 269-271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0] [PMID: 32020029]
[59]
Holshue, M.L.; DeBolt, C.; Lindquist, S.; Lofy, K.H.; Wiesman, J.; Bruce, H.; Spitters, C.; Ericson, K.; Wilkerson, S.; Tural, A. Washington State 2019-NCoV Case Investigation Team; First Case Of, 2019, pp. 929-936.
[60]
Beigel, J.H.; Tomashek, K.M.; Dodd, L.E.; Mehta, A.K.; Zingman, B.S.; Kalil, A.C.; Hohmann, E.; Chu, H.Y.; Luetkemeyer, A.; Kline, S. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19-preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007764]
[61]
Wang, Y.; Zhang, D.; Du, G.; Du, R.; Zhao, J.; Jin, Y.; Fu, S.; Gao, L.; Cheng, Z.; Lu, Q.; Hu, Y.; Luo, G.; Wang, K.; Lu, Y.; Li, H.; Wang, S.; Ruan, S.; Yang, C.; Mei, C.; Wang, Y.; Ding, D.; Wu, F.; Tang, X.; Ye, X.; Ye, Y.; Liu, B.; Yang, J.; Yin, W.; Wang, A.; Fan, G.; Zhou, F.; Liu, Z.; Gu, X.; Xu, J.; Shang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Cao, L.; Guo, T.; Wan, Y.; Qin, H.; Jiang, Y.; Jaki, T.; Hayden, F.G.; Horby, P.W.; Cao, B.; Wang, C. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 2020, 395(10236), 1569-1578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9] [PMID: 32423584]
[62]
Zhang, Y.; Xu, Q.; Sun, Z.; Zhou, L. Current targeted therapeutics against COVID-19: Based on first-line experience in China. Pharmacol. Res., 2020.157104854
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104854] [PMID: 32360585]
[63]
Chen, C.; Huang, J.; Cheng, Z.; Wu, J.; Chen, S.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, B.; Lu, M.; Luo, Y.; Zhang, J. Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial; Med. Rxiv, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432]
[64]
Lim, J.; Jeon, S.; Shin, H-Y.; Kim, M.J.; Seong, Y.M.; Lee, W.J.; Choe, K-W.; Kang, Y.M.; Lee, B.; Park, S-J. Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of COVID-19 infection in Korea: the application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 infected pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. J. Korean Med. Sci., 2020, 35(6)e79
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e79] [PMID: 32056407]
[65]
Cao, B.; Wang, Y.; Wen, D.; Liu, W.; Wang, J.; Fan, G.; Ruan, L.; Song, B.; Cai, Y.; Wei, M.; Li, X.; Xia, J.; Chen, N.; Xiang, J.; Yu, T.; Bai, T.; Xie, X.; Zhang, L.; Li, C.; Yuan, Y.; Chen, H.; Li, H.; Huang, H.; Tu, S.; Gong, F.; Liu, Y.; Wei, Y.; Dong, C.; Zhou, F.; Gu, X.; Xu, J.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Li, H.; Shang, L.; Wang, K.; Li, K.; Zhou, X.; Dong, X.; Qu, Z.; Lu, S.; Hu, X.; Ruan, S.; Luo, S.; Wu, J.; Peng, L.; Cheng, F.; Pan, L.; Zou, J.; Jia, C.; Wang, J.; Liu, X.; Wang, S.; Wu, X.; Ge, Q.; He, J.; Zhan, H.; Qiu, F.; Guo, L.; Huang, C.; Jaki, T.; Hayden, F.G.; Horby, P.W.; Zhang, D.; Wang, C. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382(19), 1787-1799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282] [PMID: 32187464]
[66]
Deng, L.; Li, C.; Zeng, Q.; Liu, X.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.; Hong, Z.; Xia, J. Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study. J. Infect., 2020, 81(1), e1-e5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.002] [PMID: 32171872]
[67]
Li, Y.; Xie, Z.; Lin, W.; Cai, W.; Wen, C.; Guan, Y.; Mo, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Peng, P. An exploratory randomized, controlled study on the efficacy and safety of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Arbidol treating adult patients hospitalized with mild/moderate COVID-19 (ELACOI); Med. Rxiv, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20038984]
[68]
Blaising, J.; Lévy, P.L.; Polyak, S.J.; Stanifer, M.; Boulant, S.; Pécheur, E-I. Arbidol inhibits viral entry by interfering with clathrin-dependent trafficking. Antiviral Res., 2013, 100(1), 215-219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.008] [PMID: 23981392]
[69]
Blaising, J.; Polyak, S.J.; Pécheur, E-I. Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: an update. Antiviral Res., 2014, 107, 84-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.006] [PMID: 24769245]
[70]
Wang, Z.; Yang, B.; Li, Q.; Wen, L.; Zhang, R. Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Clin. Infect. Dis, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa272] [PMID: 32176772]
[71]
Arabi, Y.M.; Alothman, A.; Balkhy, H.H.; Al-Dawood, A.; AlJohani, S.; Al Harbi, S.; Kojan, S.; Al Jeraisy, M.; Deeb, A.M.; Assiri, A.M.; Al-Hameed, F.; AlSaedi, A.; Mandourah, Y.; Almekhlafi, G.A.; Sherbeeni, N.M.; Elzein, F.E.; Memon, J.; Taha, Y.; Almotairi, A.; Maghrabi, K.A.; Qushmaq, I.; Al Bshabshe, A.; Kharaba, A.; Shalhoub, S.; Jose, J.; Fowler, R.A.; Hayden, F.G.; Hussein, M.A. And the MIRACLE trial group. treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2018, 19(1), 81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2427-0] [PMID: 29382391]
[72]
Khalili, J.S.; Zhu, H.; Mak, N.S.A.; Yan, Y.; Zhu, Y. Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for an evaluation concerning COVID-19. J. Med. Virol., 2020, 92(7), 740-746.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25798] [PMID: 32227493]
[73]
Hung, I.F-N.; Lung, K-C.; Tso, E.Y-K.; Liu, R.; Chung, T.W-H.; Chu, M-Y.; Ng, Y-Y.; Lo, J.; Chan, J.; Tam, A.R.; Shum, H.P.; Chan, V.; Wu, A.K.; Sin, K.M.; Leung, W.S.; Law, W.L.; Lung, D.C.; Sin, S.; Yeung, P.; Yip, C.C.; Zhang, R.R.; Fung, A.Y.; Yan, E.Y.; Leung, K.H.; Ip, J.D.; Chu, A.W.; Chan, W.M.; Ng, A.C.; Lee, R.; Fung, K.; Yeung, A.; Wu, T.C.; Chan, J.W.; Yan, W.W.; Chan, W.M.; Chan, J.F.; Lie, A.K.; Tsang, O.T.; Cheng, V.C.; Que, T.L.; Lau, C.S.; Chan, K.H.; To, K.K.; Yuen, K.Y. Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet, 2020, 395(10238), 1695-1704.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31042-4] [PMID: 32401715]
[74]
Marano, G.; Vaglio, S.; Pupella, S.; Facco, G.; Catalano, L.; Liumbruno, G.M.; Grazzini, G. Convalescent plasma: new evidence for an old therapeutic tool? Blood Transfus., 2016, 14(2), 152-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2450/2015.0131-15] [PMID: 26674811]
[75]
Tian, X.; Li, C.; Huang, A.; Xia, S.; Lu, S.; Shi, Z.; Lu, L.; Jiang, S.; Yang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Ying, T. Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody. Emerg. Microbes Infect., 2020, 9(1), 382-385.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1729069] [PMID: 32065055]
[76]
Garraud, O.; Heshmati, F.; Pozzetto, B.; Lefrere, F.; Girot, R.; Saillol, A.; Laperche, S. Plasma therapy against infectious pathogens, as of yesterday, today and tomorrow. Transfus. Clin. Biol., 2016, 23(1), 39-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2015.12.003] [PMID: 26775794]
[77]
Rojas, M.; Rodríguez, Y.; Monsalve, D.M.; Acosta-Ampudia, Y.; Camacho, B.; Gallo, J.E.; Rojas-Villarraga, A.; Ramírez-Santana, C.; Díaz-Coronado, J.C.; Manrique, R.; Mantilla, R.D.; Shoenfeld, Y.; Anaya, J.M. Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: possible mechanisms of action. Autoimmun. Rev., 2020, 19(7)102554
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102554] [PMID: 32380316]
[78]
Zhang, B.; Liu, S.; Tan, T.; Huang, W.; Dong, Y.; Chen, L.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, L.; Zhong, Q.; Zhang, X. Treatment with convalescent plasma for critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Chest, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.039] [PMID: 32243945]
[79]
Food and Drug Administration. Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma; Guidance for Industry, 2020, p. 12.
[80]
Barone, P.; DeSimone, R.A. Convalescent plasma to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for clinical trial design. Transfusion (Paris), 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.15843] [PMID: 32374891]
[81]
Yoshikawa, T.; Hill, T.; Li, K.; Peters, C.J.; Tseng, C-T.K. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-induced lung epithelial cytokines exacerbate SARS pathogenesis by modulating intrinsic functions of monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. J. Virol., 2009, 83(7), 3039-3048.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01792-08] [PMID: 19004938]
[82]
He, Y. National Health Commission & State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(Trial Version 7). Infect. Microb. Dis., 2020, 2(2), 48-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/IM9.0000000000000022] [PMID: 32374891]
[83]
Ceribelli, A.; Motta, F.; De Santis, M.; Ansari, A.A.; Ridgway, W.M.; Gershwin, M.E.; Selmi, C. Recommendations for coronavirus infection in rheumatic diseases treated with biologic therapy. J. Autoimmun., 2020, 109102442
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102442] [PMID: 32253068]
[84]
Cavalli, G.; De Luca, G.; Campochiaro, C.; Della-Torre, E.; Ripa, M.; Canetti, D.; Oltolini, C.; Castiglioni, B.; Tassan Din, C.; Boffini, N. Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol., 2020, 2(6), e325-e331.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30127-2] [PMID: 32501454]
[85]
Dong, L.; Hu, S.; Gao, J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discov. Ther., 2020, 14(1), 58-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2020.01012] [PMID: 32147628]
[86]
Stebbing, J.; Phelan, A.; Griffin, I.; Tucker, C.; Oechsle, O.; Smith, D.; Richardson, P. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2020, 20(4), 400-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30132-8] [PMID: 32113509]
[87]
Perricone, C.; Triggianese, P.; Bartoloni, E.; Cafaro, G.; Bonifacio, A.F.; Bursi, R.; Perricone, R.; Gerli, R. The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19. J. Autoimmun., 2020, 111102468
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102468] [PMID: 32317220]
[88]
Cinatl, J.; Morgenstern, B.; Bauer, G.; Chandra, P.; Rabenau, H.; Doerr, H.W. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet, 2003, 361(9374), 2045-2046.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13615-X] [PMID: 12814717]
[89]
Ministry of AYUSH. Available at: https://www.ayush.gov. in/ (Accessed date: Jun 30, . https://www.ayush.gov2020.
[90]
Caly, L.; Druce, J.D.; Catton, M.G.; Jans, D.A.; Wagstaff, K.M. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Res., 2020, 178104787
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787] [PMID: 32251768]
[91]
Schrezenmeier, E.; Dörner, T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 2020, 16(3), 155-166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0372-x] [PMID: 32034323]
[92]
Gautret, P.; Lagier, J-C.; Parola, P.; Hoang, V.T.; Meddeb, L.; Mailhe, M.; Doudier, B.; Courjon, J.; Giordanengo, V.; Vieira, V.E.; Tissot Dupont, H.; Honoré, S.; Colson, P.; Chabrière, E.; La Scola, B.; Rolain, J.M.; Brouqui, P.; Raoult, D. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2020, 56(1)105949
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949] [PMID: 32205204]
[93]
Mehra, M.R.; Desai, S.S.; Ruschitzka, F.; Patel, A.N. Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Lancet, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6]
[94]
Mehra, M.R.; Ruschitzka, F.; Patel, A.N. Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Lancet, 2020, 395(10240), 1820.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31324-6] [PMID: 32511943]
[95]
Khan, S.A.; Zia, K.; Ashraf, S.; Uddin, R.; Ul-Haq, Z. Identification of chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 via integrated computational approach. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 2020, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1751298] [PMID: 32238094]
[96]
Siddiqi, H.K.; Mehra, M.R. COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical-therapeutic staging proposal. J. Heart Lung Transplant., 2020, 39(5), 405-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012] [PMID: 32362390]
[97]
Fedson, D.S.; Opal, S.M.; Rordam, O.M. Hiding in plain sight: an approach to treating patients with severe COVID-19 Infection. MBio, 2020, 11(2), e00398-e20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00398-20] [PMID: 32198163]
[98]
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration FDA Advises Patients on Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for COVID- 19. 2020.
[99]
Mehra, M.R.; Desai, S.S.; Kuy, S.; Henry, T.D.; Patel, A.N. Retraction: Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382(26), 2582.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2021225] [PMID: 32501665]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
77
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy