Title:The Spectrum of Thiazolidinediones against Respiratory Tract Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Volume: 21
Issue: 14
Author(s): Mohammed Al Bratty, Ayman Q. Hakami, Hatim A. Masmali, Md. Shamsher Alam, Hassan A. Alhazmi, Neelaveni Thangavel*, Asim Najmi, Sivakumar S. Moni and Anzarul Haque
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142,Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Antibacterial susceptibility, docking, in silico, penicillin-binding protein, respiratory tract infections, thiazolidinediones,
β-lactamase resistant.
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Drug design strategies to develop novel broad-spectrum antibacterial
agents for the treatment of respiratory tract infections that can combat bacterial resistance are
currently gaining momentum. 2,4-thiazolidinedione is a structural scaffold that contains pharmacophores
similar to β-lactam and non- β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of the study was to synthesize
newer 3,5-Disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinediones (DTZDs) and subject them to in vitro antibacterial
screening against bacterial pathogens. Also, we performed in silico docking of selected compounds to
penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases.
Methods: Intermediate Schiff bases were prepared by the reaction between 2,4-thiazolidinedione and
an appropriate aldehyde followed by acylation of the ring nitrogen with 3-brompropanoyl chloride resulting
in DTZDs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against few bacteria infecting
the respiratory tract by the broth tube dilution method. Zones of inhibitions against the bacteria were
also determined using agar well diffusion technique. Molecular docking of the compounds to all types
of Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases was also carried out.
Results: Compounds DTZD12 and DTZD16 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum
inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were 175μg/100μL. Measurements of the zones of
inhibitions indicated that compound DTZD12 was more active than DZTD16. E. coli was the most
susceptible organism. Docking results established that both the compounds were able to interact with
PBPs and β-lactamases through strong hydrogen bonds, especially the unique interaction with active
serine residue of the PBP for inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
Conclusion: DTZD12 and DTZD16 can be developed into antibacterial drugs for respiratory tract infections
to oppose bacterial resistance, or can also be used as leads for repurposing the existing 2,4-
thiazolidinediones.