Title:Soy Protein Remnants Digested by Gastro-duodenal Proteases can Alter Microbial Interactions and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Author(s): Juyoung Lee , Yujin Yum , Sunghee Kim , Dorsilla Anono Katimbwa and Jinkyu Lim *
Affiliation:
- Major in Food Biomaterials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu,Korea
Keywords:
Soy proteins, pepsin- and pancreatin-resistant proteins, gut epithelial cells, interacting proteins, bacterial cell binding,
cholesterol transport.
Abstract:
Background: Although the food quality of soy protein is known to be as good as that of
animal proteins, some soybean proteins are not susceptible to digestion and remain undigested in
the intestine. We hypothesized that digestion-resistant soy proteins might interact with the intestinal
membrane, microbes, and metabolites, and change the intestinal physiology or the profile of the
gut microbiome.
Objective: To identify the Protease-Resistant Soy Proteins (PRSPs) and their interaction with intestinal
membrane proteins by MS, and to assess the functions of PRSPs in the small intestine.
Methods: Soy proteins were sequentially digested with pepsin and pancreatin, and the PRSPs were
identified by SDS-PAGE and MS. Intestinal cell membrane proteins interacting with PRSPs were
isolated by affinity purification and photo-affinity crosslinking, and identified using MS/MS. Inhibition
of cholesterol absorption to lipoprotein-depleted intestinal cells, CaCo-2, and hepatic cells,
HepG2, was measured in the presence and absence of PRSPs. FITC-conjugated Gram-positive,
Lactobacillus plantarum, and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, were incubated with Ca-
Co-2 cells in the presence of PRSPs to investigate the regulation of bacterial cell binding to intestinal
epithelial cells by PRSPs.
Results: MS/MS of PRSPs identified glycinin, β-conglycinin, trypsin inhibitors, lipoxygenase, and
sucrose-binding protein. MS analysis also identified the intestinal membrane proteins bound to PRSPs.
The functions of the identified interacting proteins included ion transportation, carbohydrate-
binding, cytoskeleton formation, hydrolysis, cell-cell junction formation, and cholesterol/steroid-
binding. In particular, apolipoprotein E, aminopeptidase N, and Niemann-Pick C1-like protein
1 are known to be involved in cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. The inhibition of
cholesterol absorption by CaCo-2 and HepG2 cells by PRSPs confirmed the MS results. Binding of
L. plantarum and E. coli to CaCo-2 cells was efficiently inhibited by PRSPs.
Conclusion: PRSPs can interact with intestinal membrane proteins, and regulate cholesterol absorption
by intestinal epithelial cell and interactions of the gut microbiome. Soy protein in the intestine
acts as a nutrient, and triggers changes in intestinal functions by interacting with intestinal cells, microorganisms,
and nutrients. These findings will provide valuable new functional information
about the effects of soy proteins on human health.
