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Review Article

对植物甾醇降低胆固醇作用机理的分子研究

卷 26, 期 37, 2019

页: [6704 - 6723] 页: 20

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867326666190822154701

价格: $65

摘要

日粮植物甾醇（包括植物固醇和甾烷醇）每天2 g时可降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的水平。由于在长期的人体研究中尚未报告该剂量引起健康相关的副作用，因此含有这些植物化合物的食品被用作降低LDL-C和心血管疾病风险的潜在治疗性饮食选择。已经提出了几种机制来解释植物甾醇的降低胆固醇的作用。它们可能与饮食和胆汁胆固醇竞争肠腔中的胶束增溶作用，从而损害肠道胆固醇的吸收。最近的证据表明植物甾醇也可能调节其他途径。肠内胆固醇吸收受损通常与胆固醇向肝脏的运输减少有关，这可能会减少胆固醇掺入极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）颗粒中，从而降低VLDL组装和分泌的速度。肝脏VLDL产生受损可能会降低LDL产生速率。另一方面，尽管尚不清楚植物固醇促进胆固醇从血液流向肠上皮细胞和肠腔的确切机制，但大量证据支持植物固醇在跨肠胆固醇排泄（TICE）途径中的作用。膳食植物甾醇还可能改变胆汁酸向仲胆汁酸的转化，并可能降低胆汁酸的疏水/亲水比，从而降低肠道胆固醇的吸收。本文概述了迄今为止植物甾醇降低胆固醇作用的分子机制研究的进展。

关键词: 胆汁酸，胆固醇吸收，肠，低密度脂蛋白，肝脏，植物固醇，TICE。

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