Recent Advances in Dentistry is a monographic series focused on new developments in the field of dental medicine. The scope of the book series covers all aspects of the field including orthodontics, dental surgery, prosthodontics, forensic dentistry, evidence based medicine and much more. Each volume of the series is themed around a specialty area in dentistry and brings together contributions written and reviewed by professional experts. The book series is essential reading to dental residents in training as well as biomedical researchers. Orthodontic Biomechanics describes the mechanics behind the treatment of complex orthodontic cases using clear aligners. The volume explains a variety of complex malocclusions including increased teeth crowding, spacing, overjet, overbite, open bite, major jaw discrepancies, underbite and much more. Simplified treatment planning methods based on thorough diagnoses have also been devised by the authors for the benefit of the readers. Shortening orthodontic treatment time by careful diagnosis, planning based on understanding of orthodontic biomechanics is also discussed in addition to comparisons of jaw cases where surgery is more useful. Orthodontic Biomechanics is a useful guide for the use of clear aligners in a wide array of cases encountered by orthodontists in their daily dental practice.

Pediatric Orthodontics: Theory and Practice provides readers (practicing dentists, medical residents, pediatric specialists) with the knowledge to manage cases in regular pediatric orthodontic practice by presenting answers to specific problems related to diagnosis, clinical findings and treatment methods. It is also an essential supplement for the post-graduate student’s dental curriculum. The book’s problem based format allows readers to test and improve their knowledge about relevant topics which include craniofacial growth, facial aesthetics, musculoskeletal structure, occlusal guidance, maxillary transverse discrepancy, dental anomalies, tooth impaction, and, class II and class III malocclusions.

"Orthodontic Treatment of Class III Malocclusion is a clinical textbook which highlights both research findings as well as clinical treatment of patients with Class III malocclusions. The volume equips readers with a critical review of present information about 1) the craniofacial biology behind various treatment strategies, 2) Diagnosis and treatment planning in both growing and non-growing Class III patients and 3) Contemporary orthodontic appliances using implants and miniscrews. The book is divided into sections proving evidence-based research on the following aspects of Class III malocclusions: the genetic and epigenetic factors contemporary diagnosis and treatment planning for patients early treatment of Class III problems treatment of Class III problems in the adolescents surgical treatment of adult Class III patients treatment of Class III problems in patients with craniofacial anomalies Orthodontic Treatment of Class III Malocclusion will empower clinicians with a sound knowledge about rationale for using certain treatment modalities and will help both general practitioners and specialists such as pediatric dentists and orthodontists to use this information for their daily practice."

Dermatological treatments have changed continuously throughout recent decades. Old drugs are recognized as being effective in new indications and new methods of dosage or application have been reported. Novel drugs have also changed the therapeutic approach in numerous diseases, improving patient health and quality of life. Conversely, new adverse reactions, drug interactions and unfamiliar risks have also increased. This e-book organizes information about different treatments available for treating dermatological conditions, focusing on a practical approach and systematizing drug interactions, adverse events, and patterns of intake or application. This e-book is comprised of 3 sections, based on the way the treatment is applied: topical treatments, systemic treatments and physical therapies. Topical therapy is probably the most important mode to treat diseases of skin, releasing the active drug directly on the affected area. Both local and global effects can be achieved, as well as different adverse reactions are sometimes obtained. Systemic treatments are important in dermatology in conditions affecting a huge surface or when a potent means of therapy is needed. Physical therapies are highly specific in nature with respect to skin diseases, using different light sources combined with several substances to obtain the desired effect on epidermal structures. Every section contains several chapters dedicated to the different groups of drugs. Specific emphasis is given to the practical usage of each drug with comprehensive tables facilitating the information.

The Vertebrate Pigmentary System: From pigment cells to Disorders provides readers with fundamental knowledge of the structural and functional aspects of vertebrate pigment cells - melanophores and melanocytes - from their origin to different stages of development to related diseases. Chapters of the book explain the specific regulatory receptors and markers, signaling pathways of skin melanocytes along with the diseases (hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation) in humans associated with their disruption. Concurrently, the etiologies of pigmentary disorders and the various therapeutic approaches for their treatment are presented in focused chapters of the book with updated information from recent publications. A summary of natural product based treatment for hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation rounds up the contents. This reference is a basic guide for medical students and dermatology residents, and a handy source of information for students, researchers, academicians in the field of pigment cell biology, pharmacology and cosmetology.

This e-book on diabetes epidemiology starts with the evolution in the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, particularly the changes in the last 15 years and their impact on the prevalence of the disease. The increasing trend in prevalence of diabetes worldwide, and its impact on people’s health and economic development are described by regions and countries. The rationale for a diabetes screening program, recent development in screening strategies and screening tools are thoroughly reviewed and presented. Because obesity is one of the major risk factors for diabetes and has been included in several risk assessment questionnaires, the obesity-diabetes association is particularly addressed in this e-book. The diagnostic cut-off value for surrogate measurement of body fat mass such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference is also discussed. The measurement errors and the strength of the association of diabetes with BMI and waist circumference are formally compared. Other diabetes related metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia are also discussed with regard to their association with different degree of glucose intolerance including pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes. The risk of dyslipidemia with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in people with different glucose levels is estimated within different ethnic groups and the ethnic differences are compared. Recent interest on diabetes-cancer association is on the rise. Academic literature on this issue presented in this volume. The relationship of diabetes with cardiovascular disease is also recognised. In this book the focus is set on the impact of various levels of fasting and 2-hout post-load glucose on the occurrence of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of two metabolic diseases – diabetes and obesity. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs affecting endocrine and metabolic processes linked with diabetes and obesity. Reviews in this series also include research on specific receptor targets and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of diabetes and obesity research. The first volume of this series features 6 chapters that cover a variety of topics including: -Angiotensin blockers -Agents targeting advanced glycation end products -Drugs and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors -Topical Drugs for diabetic complications -Research on Liraglutide -Research on MicroRNAs as agents for diabetes treatment

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of two metabolic diseases – diabetes and obesity. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs affecting endocrine and metabolic processes linked with diabetes and obesity. Reviews in this series also include research on specific receptor targets and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of diabetes and obesity research. The second volume of this series features 7 reviews presenting updates on hormones and several classes of drugs: -Osteocalcin action in glucose metabolism -Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors -Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics -Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors -New drugs in clinical trial and commercial phases

"Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of two metabolic diseases – diabetes and obesity. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs affecting endocrine and metabolic processes linked with diabetes and obesity. Reviews in this series also include research on specific receptor targets and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of diabetes and obesity research. The third volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover a variety of topics including: -Exendin-4 and its derivatives -The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system -Insulin and cardiovascular function -Diabetes mellitus related infertility -Adipocytokines as markers of insulin resistance "

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of two metabolic diseases – diabetes and obesity. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs affecting endocrine and metabolic processes linked with diabetes and obesity. Reviews in this series also include research on specific receptor targets and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Diabetes and Obesity is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of diabetes and obesity research.</p> <p> The fourth volume of this series features 7 chapters: </p> <p> -Pharmacologic Obesity Treatment </p> <p> -Interplay Between Bile Acid and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Signaling Informs the Design of Drugs to Combat Obesity and its Metabolic Complications </p> <p> -Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporters Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus </p> <p> -The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Nephropathy </p> <p> -Through the Perspective of Histology – The Alzheimer’s Disease Promotion by Obesity and Glucose Metabolism: Type 3 Diabetes </p> <p> -Pharmacological Mechanism of PPARγ Ratio in Diabetes and Obesity </p> <p> -Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbohydrate Metabolism </p>