Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, brain white matter (WM)
abnormalities have been recently suggested to play a critical role in the pathophysiology
of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior. DTI studies reported the
presence of altered WM integrity both in subjects with MDD and suicidal behavior.
Microstructural WM abnormalities located in neural circuits critically involved in
emotional processes and mood regulation may result in enhanced vulnerability to
psychiatric morbidity contributing to functional impairments. However, the role and
significance of WM alterations as well as their possible implications in patients with
major affective disorders and suicidal behavior are still poorly understood. The present
chapter aims to comprehensively review the current literature about the association
between microstructural WM alterations as assessed by DTI techniques, MDD and
suicide behavior.
Keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging techniques, Early-onset depression,
Fractional anisotropy, Magnetic resonance images, Major depression,
Microstructural white matter lesions, Mood disorders, Suicidal behavior.
