The African origins of humans are briefly reviewed and the lack of adequate
information about much of human phylogeny in Asia is discussed. In Europe, a
significant factor in understanding the process of human evolution hinges on the
relationship between Neanderthals and Moderns, or Graciles. They are examined in the
light of the replacement hypothesis, also known as the “African Eve” theory, which is
examined. It is found to be based on an academic hoax of the 1970s and its premises are
systematically refuted. In its place, the hypothesis of unintentional human selfdomestication
is expounded. The evidence in its favor is presented and explained. The
chapter then explores the neuroscientific basis of self-domestication in terms of
encephalization, neotenization, and the development of cultural concepts, such as that of
perfection.
Keywords: Human evolution, Africa, Asia, Europe, Neanderthals, replacement
hypothesis, human self-domestication, encephalization, neoteny, sense of
perfection.
