Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by the
destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. The genetic predisposition to T1D and a vast
variety of triggering factors initiate autoimmune processes culminating in the
appearance of autoantibodies (autoAbs). The destruction of β-cells of the islets of
Langerhans occurs as a result of infiltration of immune system cells. The metabolic
changes, the activity of autoantibodies and the protein and genetic markers are
considered as the predictors of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 1(IDDM 1). Multiple
sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progression of
neurological disturbances which result from the interaction between the processes of
inflammation and neurodegeneration. The estimated median incidence of MS
worldwide is 2.5 per 100,000, and prevalence is estimated at approximately 1.5 million
cases. The onset of MS usually falls at the age between 20 and 40. Women are affected
approximately twice as often as men [1]. Preventive medicine and predictive medicine
are understood as a complex of measures, aimed at prevention and prediction of
diseases, as against the therapeutical and palliative medicine, which remedy disorders or
treating their symptoms. The basic methods of the preventive medicine are subclinical
diagnostics, using the molecular approaches. Such diagnostics are based on the
detection of bioindicators of hidden pathology long before the actual manifestation of
symptoms of the disease. Genomics, proteomics and cytomics are the basic methods of
prediction, which help to estimate susceptibility to diseases and prevent them.
Keywords: Autoimmune disorders, Multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes,
autoantibodies, genomics, HLA genes, diagnostics, proteomics, prediction, metabolites.
