Photonic Crystals (PhCs) provide significant capabilities in terms of emission control, localization,
guiding, dense integration, high-speed operation, and the ability to engineer the dispersion properties of a
given material. As a result, they have led the way towards true miniaturization of nanophotonic circuits, and
hold the key to achieving the long-sought goal of large-scale integrated photonic systems on a chip, including
integrated photonic chemical/biological sensor devices. In this chapter, we present brief discussion and
summary of major achievements in theory, applications and fabrication of photonic crystals. We present
applications relying on engineering the confinement properties as well as the dispersive properties and present
some of the fabrication techniques for both planar and three-dimensional photonic crystal structures.
Keywords: Photonic crystals, photonic crystals fabrication, photonic crystals engineering.
